Nature of work and Hypokinetic Problems among Women of Chhattisgarh, India

R. Venugopal^1*, P. Shrivastava^2,  R. Choudhary³, A.Varoda⁴

 ¹School of Studies in Physical Education & Centre for Women’s Studies, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

²School of Studies in Psychology, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

³School of Studies in Physical Education, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

⁴Centre for Women's Studies, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

 *Corresponding Author: cwsprsu1@gmail.com

Abstract

Hypokinetic problem is a condition related to or caused by lack of physical inactivity over a long period of time, and is manifested in the form of obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, and adult onset (type 2) of diabetes mellitus. In the present study was conducted to find out prevalence of hypokinetic problems among women of different profession. To find out the prevalence of hypokinetic problems among women engaged in different profession. The sample of the study consisted of 500 women from different professions with in the age range from 25 to 50 years. A Self structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The result of the study revealed that 34.4% participants were healthy, where as 12.8% participants reported diabetes 29.9% women reported blood pressure and 23.6% were found to be obese.

Keywords - Hypokinetic diseases, Diabetes, Obesity, high blood pressure and physical activity etc.

Introduction:-

Numerous studies have identified environmental and physiological risk factors that are associated with increased risk for chronic disease in women. Among the many that have been identified the major modifiable risk factors include physical inactivity and lifestyle leading to chronic problems, which includes coronary artery diseases, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, obesity, arthritis, etc. Booth et al., (2012)¹.  These hypo-kinetic problems which are the result of lack of movement cause a decrease in motor movements to bring physiological changes and alter body composition and ultimately normal life are adversely affected. One of the problems of a sedentary lifestyle is Diabetes Durstine et al., (2013)².  https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.

Participation in regular exercise helps to maintain proper body weight leading to better body image, along with positive effect on body composition functions of various body systems improves and results in decreased risk of osteoporosis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and improved mental health. These benefits adds to improve quality of life and reduces the cost of living as health problems cost a pretty penny Warburton &  Nicol and  Bredin (2006)³.  Being prepared to devote time and effort physically activity is very crucial. There is a need to motivate individuals to participate in physical activity and to adopt healthy lifestyle.  Malm,  Jakobsson and  Isaksson (2019)⁴.

Research and survey reveal that there is a constant increase in hypokinetic disease, due to electro-technology facilities, and lifestyle Bradley J. Cardinal (2016)⁵. The life of working women revolves around more and more in their service sectors leaving them with very little time for relaxation and physical activity, placing them in more stressed and strained situations, responsible to develop chronic health issues Nishad et al.,(2016)⁶. Working women faces double layered stress to be a good home maker as well as to be a good worker at office. In general health of an women is under alternative area because of the social circumstances specifically in India. It is require that the women need to track her physical and mental health and keep time and energy for them-selves, it is essential to be healthy to achieve anything in life. The landscape of employment in India specially Chhattisgarh includes teachers, doctors, engineer, private job, Govt. class II and III employees, private job, house maids and other work. The neglected work force is house wives, who are involved in house hold work throughout the day. The nature of the job may demand it has been observed that women's workload and work roles exhibits relationship of work to health, and plan intervention to preventing or alleviating adverse effects on overall health. The need for research on women's nature of work and work and prevalence of hypokinetic problem was felt and the present study was undertaken.

Objectives:-

The objective of the present study was to find out the prevalence of hypokinetic problems among women engaged in different profession.

Method and Material:-

The sample of the study consisted of 500 women with in the age range from 25 to 50 years, respondents working as Teacher, Doctors, CA, Engineer, Govt. Class II & III Employee, Private Job, House Wife and House Maids and other Workers from Chhattisgarh were selected following purposive sampling. Obesity, Type 2 diabetes and Blood Pressure (Systolic, Diastolic and Differential) were selected as Hypokineric problems .The information regarding Hypokineric problems was collected from the respondent. A specific inventory was designed for the present study in consultation with committee members and other faculty members to find out Prevalence of hypokinetic problem among women of different profession. A structured questionnaire was used  to  collect  information  regarding  Hypokineric problems. Questions on hypo-kinetic problems included diabetes (10), high blood pressure (08), and obesity (06). Cross tab and descriptive and comparative analysis were done to find out Prevalence of hypokinetic problem among women of different profession.

Results :-

Table No. 02 shows the age wise distribution, marital status, family type and education level of the participants of the present study. More women in the age group of 46–50 years were found to be suffering from diabetes, blood pressure, and obesity. It is also observed that more women in nuclear family set up reported prevalence of hypokinetic problems. 40%of the participants with Hypokinetic problems under study reported to have family history. Smoking habits was negligible among participants of the study.64.3% participants with hypokinetic problems were non-vegetarian. 93.6% of women do not by smoking.  1.5% of women daily smoking habit. Most of whom are women workers and housemaids.65.8% of women do not consume tobacco. 13.1% of women consume daily tobacco. Most of whom are women workers housewife and maids. Under the use of tobacco, there is a consumption of Gudakhu, Khaini, Gutkha, etc. Tobacco was previously used by 21.1% of women but currently, they do not consume it. alcohol is used by few workers and housemaid women living in urban and rural areas. Some Teachers, Doctors, CA, engineers, Govt. Class II & III Employee, Private job, occasionally uses alcohol.

Figure No. 01 Prevalence of hypokinetic problems as per Age group  (N = 328)

In the above table 03, 12.8% of participants had diabetes 29.9% of women had blood pressure, 23.6% were found to be obese, and 34.4% were found to be normal. 

Figure No. 02. Prevalence of hypo-kinetic problems among women

Figure No. 03 Prevalence of Diabetes among women belonging to different professions.

It is interesting to learn that the percentage of participants suffering from diabetes are  88.2% engineer , 22.5% housewife and 20% CA reported to be diabetics. Prevalence of diabetes was very low among other group of participants.

Figure No. 04 Prevalence of Blood Pressure among Women belonging to different professions.

Blood presser seems to be prevalent more among the studied group in total 29% participants reported to have high blood pressure. 88.2% engineer reported high blood pressure whereas, 50%, 46%, 38.5%, & 37.5% of Doctors, CA, Private Job and House wife respectively reported high blood pressure rest of the group also showed 11 to 25% which is also alarming.

Figure No. 05 Prevalence of obesity among women belonging to different professions.

Figure No. 05, shows a pattern of obesity among different professionals, 47% of CA showed obesity followed by a private job, CA, house wife and teachers around 29-35%. A total of 23.6% of participants were obese.

Discussion:-

Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques cross tab analysis revealed that out of a total sample of 500. 65.6% of women suffered from Hypokinetic problems. Women with Hypokinetic problems suffered more from diabetes (12.8%), hypertension (29.2%) and obesity (23.6). 12.8% were high on diabetes,(88.2% engineers, 22.5% housewife, and 20% CA).29.2% were high on hypertension (88% engineers, 50 % doctors, and 46% CA). 23.6% were high on obesity (47%engineers, 34% private job and 32% CA).

Participation in physical activity reduces the risk of hypokinetic problems and improves wellness Most of the  chronic disease that plague the society are considered to be hypokinetic, though some are related more to inactivity than others. Physical activity may produce the shortcut for the control of chronic diseases, much like immunization controlled infectious diseases.

Conclusion:-

Prevalent hypokinetic problems among women were diabetes, hypertension, and, Obesity. It is suggested from the finding that engineers need to improve their nutritional wellness and physical wellness that is they need a balanced diet as well as more physical activity in order to prevent hypokinetic problems viz, diabetes, hypertension, and, Obesity.

Nearly three-quarters of all deaths among those of 18 years and others are as a result of chronic diseases Booth et al., (2012). Leading public health officials have suggested that physical activity is related to the health of peoples. It directly reduces the risk for several major chronic diseases; and also stimulates positive changes with respect to other risk factors for these diseases.

Though the lifestyle of doctors and CA are good and also they are high on health risks. It may be because of their nature of work doctors workday night because of which their circadian rhythm gets affected of the reasons for the doctors in developing hypoketnic problems for CA it is mental fatigue that maybe the reason why they are at risk of developing hypoketnic problems.

Reference :-

1.      Booth,  FW,  Roberts, CK. and Laye, MJ (2012).  Lack of exercise is a major cause of chronic diseases. Compr Physiol, 2(2): 1143–1211.

2.     Durstine JL, Gordon B, Wang Z, Luo X (2012).  Chronic disease and the link to physical activity. Journal of Sport and health science, 2 (1) : 3-11.

3.      Warburton ,  Nicol CW and  Bredin, SD (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian  Medical Association Journal . 174(6): 801–809.

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6.     Nishad S, Venugopal R and Srivastava P (2016). A survey study on prevalence of hypo kinetic diseases and barriers in physical activity among college teachers. International Journal of Applied Research. (2016), 2 (9): 15-17.

7.     https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.