f'k{kk vkSj vuqla/kku esa fMftVy xzaFkky; dh Hkwfedk

(The Role of Digital Library in Education and Research)

uohu dqekj rkezdkj¹] iwf.kZek dqekjh²] dhfrZ tkpd³

1 vfrfFk lgk;d xzaFkiky] ia- jfo”kadj “kqDy fo”ofo|ky;] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½

2 lgk;d xzaFkiky] ia- jfo”kadj “kqDy fo”ofo|ky;] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½

3 xzaFkky; lgk;d xzsM&1] ia- jfo”kadj “kqDy fo”ofo|ky;] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½

Naveentamrakar4@gmail.com, purnimavaru@gmail.com,  kirtijachak@gmail.com

lkj (Abstract)%

;g ys[k fMftVy xzaFkky; dh egRrk vkSj fdl izdkj ;g ikjaifjd xzaFkky; ls csgrj lsok iznku dj jgh mldk o.kZu djrk gSA f”k{kk vkSj vuqla/kku izR;sd jk"Vª dh mUufr dk vk/kkj gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; us ikjaifjd xzaFkky; dh lhekvksa dks ikj djrs gq, vkt dh vk/kqfudrk dks viukrs gq, vius Lo:Ik dks ifjofrZr fd;k gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; fo|kfFkZ;ksa] 'kks/kdrkZvksa] fo"k; fo”ks"kKksa ,oa f”k{kdksa dks Kku ds fo”kky HkaMkj rd [kqyh ;k eqDr igq¡p dk ,d ljy ,oa lqxe ek/;e iznku djrk gSA ;g vafre mi;ksxdrkZ rd O;kid igq¡p ds fy, u, Lrj vkSj xzaFkky; ,oa lwpuk {ks= ds fy, fl/nkar vkSj O;ogkj nksuksa dks vkxs c<+kus ds u, volj iznku djrh gSA ;g dsoy HkkSfrd izys[kksa okyk LFkku ugha gS] fdUrq ;g tulapkj dk ,d ,slk ek/;e gS tks yksxksa dks fMftVy lalk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls ubZ lwpuk izkIr djus] lh[kus ,oa vU; yksxksa ds e/; lk>k djus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA

dqath 'kCn (Keyword)%

bZ&lalk/ku] fjikWftVjh] fMftVy xzaFkky;] f”k{kk] vuqla/kku] lwpuk lsok] MsVk eSustesaV] ;wtj baVjQsl] usVodZ flLVe] ohfM;ks&vkWfM;ks] fMftVfydj.k] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh

1-   izLrkouk (Introduction):

orZeku ;qx lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk ;qx gS] ftlesa Kku vkSj lwpuk fujarjrk ds lkFk rsth ls c<+ jgk gSA vk/kqfudrk ds bl nkSj esa fMftVy xzaFkky;ksa us f”k{kk vkSj vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa ,d u;k ojnku lkfcr gqvk gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; in dh mRifRr lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds {ks= esa gqbZ izxfr ds dkj.k 1970 ds izkjafHkd n”kd esa gqbZA bl fMftVy izkS|ksfxdh us lwpuk ds lap;u] izca/ku ,oa foLrkj dh izfØ;k dk iwjk Lo:i gh cny fn;k gS] fMftVy xzaFkky; bldk izR;{k mnkgj.k gS] tks f”k{kk ,oa vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa viuh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; u dsoy lwpukvksa dk ,d fo”kky laxzg gS] cfYd ;g mi;ksxdrkZ ds fy, lqfo/kktud] izHkkoh ,oa Rofjr igq¡p iznku djrk gS] ftlls os fdlh Hkh LFkku ,oa fdlh Hkh le; esa vius fMftVy midj.k ds ek/;e ls lwpuk izkIr djus esa l{ke gSA vkt lwpuk foLQksV dk eq[; dkj.k baVjusV gSA fo”o ds fofHkUu dEI;wVjksa dks ,d iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls fo”kky usVodZ ds :i tksM+uk gh baVjusV gSA ftlds ek/;e ls lwpukvksa dk vknku&iznku ,d dEI;wVj ls nqljs dEI;wVj esa vklkuh ls LFkkukarfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; lwpuk izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds jpukRed fMtkbu vkSj cqf/nerk iw.kZ vuqiz;ksx ds ek/;e ls f”k{kk] vuqla/kku vkSj lkoZtfud HkykbZ ds fy, lwpuk dks O;fDr;ksa ds le{k fMftVy :i esa ykuk gSA

fMftVy xzaFkky; fdlh Hkh f”k{k.k ,oa 'kks/k laLFkk esa v/;;ujr~ Nk=ksa ,oa “kks/kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ,d fMftVy laxzg gS] tks laLFkk ds vkarfjd ,oa ckg~; mi;ksxdrkZvksa ds fy, Lora= ig¡qp iznku djrk gSA fMftVy fjikWftVjh dks ,d lsok iz.kkyh ds :Ik esa ns[kk tkrk gS] tks f”k{k.k ,oa “kks/k laLFkk ds fo”ks"kKksa }kjk fufeZr fMftVy lalk/kuksa ds izca/ku] vklku igq¡p vkSj lk>k djus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA

2-   fMftVy xzaFkky; (Digital Library):

fMftVy xzaFkky; ,d ,slh xzaFkky; iz.kkyh gS] tgk¡ izys[kksa vkSj lqpukvksa dk laxzg bysDVªkfud izk:i esa fd;k tkrk gSA blesa laxzfgr lwpukvksa dks baVjusV ;k vU; fMftVy ek/;e ls dEI;wVj ds }kjk iquizkZfIr ;k Hk.Mkfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks lwpuk lalk/kuksa tSls xzaFk] ys[k] 'kks/k i=] Nk;kizfr] /ofu] –';&JO; lkexzh vkfn rd vkWuykbu igq¡p iznku djrk gSA ;g u dsoy bZ&izk:i esa v/;;u lkexzh miyC/k djrk gS] cfYd eqfnzr ,oa vU; ikjaifjd Lo:iksa dks fMftVy Lo:i esa ifjofrZr dj lajf{kr djus dk dk;Z djrh gS ftlls nqyZHk xzaFkksa esa laxzfgr lwpukvksa dks lajf{kr j[kk tk jgk gSA

3-   fMftVy xzaFkky; dh ifjHkk"kk (Meaning of Digital Library):

fDyQksMZfyap ds vuqlkj] ÞfMftVy xzaFkky; ,d ,slh iz.kkyh gaS tks mi;ksxdrkZ dks fMftVy lwpuk vkSj Kku ds ,d cMs+] laxfBr HkaMkj rd lqlaxr igq¡p iznku djrh gSA ;g flQZ ,d bdkbZ ugha] cfYd vusd lwpuk L=ksr ,d fo”kky dM+h ds :i esa ,dhd`r gSAß

fMftVy xzaFkky; QsMjs”ku ds vuqlkj] ÞfMftVy xzaFkky; ,d ,slk laxBu gSa tks fMftVy dk;ksZa ds laxzg dk p;u] lajpuk] ckSf/nd igqap iznku djus] O;k[;ku djus] forj.k djus] v[kaMrk dks cuk, j[kus vkSj le; ds lkFk mudh fLFkjrk lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, fo”ks"kK deZpkfj;ksa lfgr lalk/ku miyC/k djkrs gSa] rkfd os ,d fuf”pr leqnk; ;k leqnk;ksa ds lewg }kjk mi;ksx ds vklkuh ls vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls miyC/k gks ldsAß

cksxZeSu ds vuqlkj] ÞfMftVy xzaFkky;kas esa bysDVª‚fud ,oa fMftVy lalk/kuksa dk ,d lewg gksrk gS ,oa blesa miyC/k lwpuk ds fuekZ.k [kkst rFkk iqu% çkfIr ds fy, dEI;wVj rduhd dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAÞ

fQfyi csdj ds vuqlkj] ÞfMftVy xzaFkky;] fMftVy lwpukvksa dks laxzfgr] O;ofLFkr ,oa iznku djus okyh iz.kkyh gSA ;g fMftVy oLrqvksa dk ,d dsfUnz; laxzg gS] ftlesa fMftVy Lo:i esa VsDlV] ohfM;ks ,oa vkWfM;ks vkfn ikB~; lkexzh laxzfgr gksrs gS tks vklku igq¡p] iquizkZfIr ,oa j[kj[kko esa lgk;d gSAß

bl izdkj fMftVy xzaFkky;] ,d ,slh lsok iz.kkyh gS tks izys[kksa] 'kks/k i=ksa] if=dkvksa ,oa nqyZHk xzaFkksa ,oa vU; lwpuk lalk/kuksa dks eYVhehfM;k ,oa fMftVy :Ik laxzfgr djrk gSA vFkkZr ;g fMftVfydj.k vkSj osc vk/kkfjr iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls de ls de le; esa mi;ksxdrkZvksa ds fy, lwpuk ,d= djuk] izcaf/kr djuk] lajf{kr djuk ,oa miyC/k djkus dk dk;Z djrk gSA

4-   fMftVy xzaFkky; dk f”k{kk ,oa vuqla/kku esa ;ksxnku ¼Contribution of Digital Library to Education and Research ½

f”k{kk ,oa vuqla/kku ds {ks= esa fMftVy xzaFkky; dh Hkwfedk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA ;g f”k{kk dh xq.koRrk dks csgrj cukus esa lgk;d gSA ftlds f”k{kk ,oa vuqla/kku esa fuEufyf[kr ;ksxnku gS&

·       f”k{kk dh lqyHkrk ,oa lekurk ¼Accessibilty and Equality in Education½% fMftVy xzaFkky; ds ek/;e ls Nk=ksa ,oa 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa dks fdlh Hkh le; ,oa fdlh Hkh LFkku ls v/;;u lkexzh izkIr djus dh lqfo/kk gksrh gSA ftlls mudh le; dh cpr gksrh gSA

·       'kks/k i= ¼Research Paper½% fMftVy xzaFkky; 'kks/kdrkZvksa dks v|ru 'kks/k i=] lacaf/kr fo"k; esaa ys[k ,oa lkaf[dh; vk¡dMs+ fjikWftVjh ds ek/;e ls miyC/k djkrs gSaA 

·       cgqHkkf"k; lalk/ku ¼Multilingual Resources½% fMftVu xzaFkky; esa ,d gh izdkj dh lwpuk dbZ Hkk"kkvksa esa miyC/k gksrh gSA ftlls Nk= ,oa 'kks/kdrkZ viuh ekr`Hkk"kk esa v/;;u lkexzh izkIr dj ldrs gSA

·       baVjSfDVo v/;;u ¼Interactive Study½% ;g fMftVy xzaFkky; dh lcls egRoiw.kZ lqfo/kk gS blds ek/;e ls ohfM;ksa O;k[;ku ,oa vkHkklh f”k{kk dh lgk;rk ysdj Kku esa o`f/n dj ldrs gSA ikjaifjd xzaFkky;ksa esa dsoy ikB~; lkefxz;k¡ laxzfgr gksrs gS ijarq fMftVy xzaFkky; esa vkWfM;ks] ohfM;ks] ,fues”ku ,oa vU; vkWuykbu ikB~; lkexzh laxzfgr gksrh gS tks f”k{kk dks jkspd cukrh gSA

·       Lo&v/;;u ¼Self Study½% fofHkUu fMftVy xzaFkky;ksa }kjk vusd eqDr vkWuykbu v/;;u ds IysVQkeZ cus gS ftldh lgk;rk ls Nk= ,oa 'kks/kdrkZ tc Hkh le; feys vius fMftVy midj.k ds ek/;e ls Lo&v/;;u dj ldrs gSA tSls& MOOC] Swayam] Coursera, NPTEL vkfnA

·       lalk/kuksa dh fofo/krk (Variety of Resources)% fMftVy xzaFkky; esa fofo/k izdkj dh v/;;u lkexzh laxzfgr gksrh gS tSls& bZ&cqDl] bZ&tuZYl] bZ&ys[k] bZ&lekpkj i= vkfn tks fo”ks"k :Ik ls 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA

·       lkfgfR;d pksjh ls jksdFkke (Prevention of Plagiarism)% orZeku le; esa lHkh 'kks/k i=ksa ds izdk”ku iwoZ ,oa ih,pMh Fkhfll ds lcfe”ku ds iwoZ ;wthlh ds funsZ”kkuqlkj buf¶ycusV dsUnz }kjk iznRr lkW¶Vos;j orZeku esa fMªyfcV ls lkfgR;d tkap dh tkrh gSA lkFk gh fMftVy xzaFkky; es miyC/k lkfgR; leh{kk ,oa lanHkZ izca/ku tSls midj.k dh lgk;rk ls 'kks/kkFkhZ 'kks/k dk;Z dj ldrs gSA

·       nqyZHk xzaFkksa rd ig¡qp (Access to Rare Documents)% ikjaifjd xzaFkky; esa vkt Hkh vusd nqyZHk xzaFk laxzfgr gS tks ckj&ckj mi;ksx dh fLFkfr esa ugha gS mldk fMftVyhdj.k dj mlesa laxzfgr lwpuk dks Hkfo’; ds fy, lajf{kr j[kk tk ldrk gSS] ftlls mls dHkh Hkh mi;ksx dj ldrs gSA

5-   fMftVy xzaFkky; dk vkfdZVsDpj (Architecture of Digital Library):

·       mi;ksxdrkZ varjQyd (User Interface): ;wtj baVjQsl] mi;ksxdrkZ ,oa fdlh iz.kkyh dks vkil esa tksM+us dk ,d ek/;e gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; ds lanHkZ esa mi;ksxdrkZ dks fMftVy xzaFkky; lkW¶Vos;j ls tksMus dk dk;Z djrk gSA

·       e/;orhZ lsok,¡ (Intermediate Services): mi;ksxdrkZ dks baVjQsl ds i'pkr mudh vko”;drk dh lkexzh ;k ek¡x dks iqjk djus dh izfØ;k djrk gS ;k [kkst djrk gSA

·       vkadM+k izca/ku iz.kkyh (Data Management System): ;g fMftVy xzaFkky; dk eq[; ?kVd gS ftlesa bldh lEiw.kZ MsVk laxzfgr gksrh gSA MsVk eSustesaV flLVe ,d lkW¶Vos;j gS ftlesa MsVk dks laxzghr O;ofLFkr ,oa izcaf/kr djus dk dk;Z djrk gSA ftlds ek/;e ls lwpukvksa dh vklku [kkst ,oa iquizkZfIr laHko gSA MsVk dks laxzfgr dj esVkMsVk dk fuekZ.k ,oa izca/ku djrk gSA

·       fjikWftVjh (Repository): fdlh Hkh fMftVy xzaFkky; dh mi;ksfxrk ;k egRork mlds HkaMkj.k ij fuHkZj djrh gS ftruh vf/kd ,oa v|ru lwpuk Hk.Mkj ds gksxh] mruh gh mldh mi;ksfxrk gksxhA blesa fMftVy :Ik esa iqLrd] ys[k] ohfM;ks] vkWfM;ks ,oa vU; fMftVy lwpuk L=ksrksa dk laxzg fd;k tkrk gSA

·       usVodZ iz.kkyh (Network System): ;g ,d ,slh iz.kkyh ;k ra= gS ftlds ek/;e ls lwpukvksa ,oa lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksxdrkZ ds lkFk lk>k djus dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; ds lanHkZ esa blds ek/;e ls mi;ksxdrkZ ,oa MsVk ds chp laca/k LFkkfir fd;k tkrk gSA ftlesa mi;ksxdrkZ fMftVy laxzg ls fdlh LFkku ,oa fdlh Hkh le; vius fMftVy midj.k ds ek/;e ls viuh vko”;drk dh ikB~; lkexzh izkIr dj ldrs gSA

·       lqj{kk ,oa igq¡p (Security and Access): fdlh Hkh bysDVªkfuDl MsVk ds izca/ku ,oa laxzg.k gsrq mldh lqj{kk vfr vko”;d gSS vFkkZr MsVk dks yEcs le; rd lgh izdkj ls lxzfgr ,oa lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, ,d etcqr lqj{kk iz.kkyh dk gksuk vko”;d gS] ftlls MsVk dks ckg~; ok;jl ,oa fdlh Hkh izdkj dh vkarfjd {kfr ls cpk;k tk ldsA fMftVy xzaFkk;y ds lanHkZ esa fjikWftVjh dh lqj{kk ds fy, mi;ksxdrkZ dh igpku djus ds fy, muds Lo;a ds mi;ksxdrkZ vkbZMh ,oa ikloMZ ds }kjk lwpuk rd ig¡qp iznku djrk gSA blds ek/;e ls vuko”;d ,Dlsl dks fu;af=r dj MsVk dh lqj{kk ,oa MsVk ,Dlsl dh vuqefr dks fu;af=r djrk gSA

Digital Library Architecture Diagram 

6-   fMftVy xzaFkky; dk mn~ns”; (Objectives of Digital Library):

·       fMftVy lwpukvksa dk laxzg.k ,oa O;oLFkkiu djuk

·       nqyZHk xzaFkksa ds laj{k.k gsrw xzaFkksa dk fMftVyhdj.k djuk

·       izR;sd vuqla/kku dks lEiw.kZ fo”o ds le{k izLrqr djuk ;k izdkf”kr djuk

·       izys[kksa dk fMftVyhdj.k dj LFkku dh cpr djuk

·       dk;Z iqukZo`fRr ls cpuk

·       lwpuk rd vklku igq¡p iznku djuk

·       lwpuk iquizkZfIr gsrw

·       lalk/ku lgHkkfxrk laca/kh lqfo/kk iznku djuk

·       iqLrdky;ksa ds chp vkil esa usVodZ LFkkfir djuk

·       ubZ lsok,a izkjaHk djuk

·       cgqvk;keh ,oa rhoz lwpuk rd igq¡p iznku djuk

·       mi;ksxdrkZ dh vo”;drk iwfrZ djuk

·       mi;ksxdrkZ ds fof”k"V lwpuk lsokvksa dk vk;kstu

·       vusd lwpuk L=ksarksa ls lwpuk dh vklku vfHkxe iznku djuk

·       vkthou lh[kus dks izksRlkfgr djuk

·       lwpuk [kkst dks vklku cukuk

·       v|ru lwpuk iznku djus gsrw

7-   fMftVy xzaFkky; ds ykHk (Advantage of Digital Library): fMftVy xzaFkky; ds fuEufyf[kr ykHk gS&

·       lweg v/;;u ¼Multiple Access½% fMftVy xzaFkky; ,d dEI;wVj vk/kkfjr lsok gS ftlds dkj.k blesa laxzfgr lwpuk lalk/ku ds fdlh Hkh lwpuk dk mi;ksx ,d gh le; esa ,d lkFk vusd mi;ksxdrkZ fcuk fdlh dfBukbZ ds dj ldrs gSA

·       MsVk cSdvi ,oa lqj{kk ¼Data Backup and Security½% fMftVy xzaFkky; dk ;g lcls egRoiw.kZ ykHk gSA ,d ckj tc fjikWftVjh rS;kj gks tkrh gS rc mldks DykmM] loZj ;k vU; fdlh MsVk LVksjst midj.k esa cSdvi ysdj j[k ldrs gS vkSj t:jr iM+us ij iqu% mls fjLVksj dj ldrs gSA ftlls laxzfgr MsVk ges”kk ds fy, lqjf{kr jgrk gSA

·       vklku igq¡p ,oa iquizkZfIr ¼Easy Access and Retrieval½% ;g xzaFkky; dEI;wVfjd`r gksus ds dkj.k mi;ksxdrkZ ,d fDyd ls lwpuk izkIr dj ldrs gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; lwpuk lalk/ku rd mi;ksxdrkZvksa ds fy, cgqr vklku igq¡p cukrh gSA vkt vk/kqfud xzaFkky; esa vkWuykbZu ifCyd ,Dlsl dSVykx dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftlesa dqN dqath 'kCnksa ds ek/;e ls xzaFkky; esa laxzfgr lalk/ku esa mldk LFkku ,oa miyC/krk ds }kjk viuh lwpuk dks izkIr dj ldrs gSA

·       csgrj lgHkkfxrk ¼Better Participation½% fMftVy xzaFkky; 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa] Nk=ksa ,oaa xzaFkky;ksa ds e/; lapkj dk ,d Js"B ek/;e gS ftlds }kjk os laxzfgr lwpuk dks vfr”kh?kz fcuk fdlh dfBukbZ ds vklkuh ls fdlh ds ikl lk>k dj ldrs gSA bl lsok ds ek/;e ls varj&xzaFkky; _.k ds }kjk ;Fkk 'kh?kz mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks mldh lwpuk iznku dh tk ldrh gSA

·       24x7 miyC/krk ¼27X7 Availability½% fMftVy xzaFkky; dk ;g lcls egRiw.kZ ykHk gS blesa le; dk dksbZ ca/ku ugha gksrk gS mi;ksxdrkZ tc pkgs bldk mi;ksx dj ldrk gS ;g lIrkg ds lkrksa fnu 24 ?kaVs miyC/k jgrh gSA

·       lhfer LFkku esa fo'kky laxzg ¼Vast Collection in Limited Space½% xzaFkky; ,d o/kZu”khy laLFkk gS ;gk¡ fuR; izfrfnu ubZ&ubZ lwpuk,¡ “kkfey gksrh jgrh gS ml n`f"V ls ;g fMftVy xzaFkky; dk lcls cM+k ykHk gSA ftlesa laLFkk lhfer LFkku ij ftruk pkgs MsVk laxzfgr dj ldrk gS tks fd fdlh Hkh xzaFkky; ds fy, bl lwpuk foLQksV ds nkSj esa cgqr vko”;d gSA

·       de ykxr ¼Low Cost½% ;g xzaFkky; ikjaifjd xzaFkky; dh rqyuk esa fdQk;rh gksrs gSA vxj ,d ikjaifjd xzaFkky; dh rqyuk fMftVy xzaFkky; ls djas rks ikjaifjd xzaFkky; esa ftlus vf/kd lalk/ku gksaxs] ftrus vf/kd mi;ksxdrkZ gksaxs mlds j[kj[kko ,oa izca/ku esa mruk gh vf/kd O;; gksxk fdUrq fMftVy xzaFkky; ds lanHkZ esa ,slk ugha gSA ,d ckj izys[k ds laxzg.k ds ckn yEcs le; rd dbZ mi;ksxdrkZ ,d lkFk mi;ksx dj ldrs gaSA

·       yphykiu ¼Flexibility½% fMftVy xzaFkky; laxzfgr lwpuk lalk/ku dh mi;ksx dh izo`fRr yphyh gksrh gSA vFkkZr bls mi;ksxdrkZ viuh lqfo/kk ds vuqlkj ;k rks MkmuyksM dj ldrk ;k fizaV dj ldrk ;k rks Hkfo"; esa i<+us fy, fpUgkafdr djds j[k ldrk gSA bls mi;ksxdrkZ pyrs fQjrs fdlh Hkh le; mi;ksx dj ldrk gSA

·       dksbZ HkkSfrd lhek ugha ¼No Physical Boundaries½% fMftVy xzaFkky; ds mi;ksxdrkZ dks HkkSfrd :Ik ls xzaFkky; tkus dh vko”;drk ugha gksrh gSA baVjusV dh lgk;rk ls vius fMftVy midj.k ds ek/;e ls ?kj cSBs lwpuk izkIr dj ldrs gSA

·       v|ru ,oa uohu lwpuk ¼Update and Latest Information½% ikjaifjd xzaFkky; esa laxzfgr lwpuk dks v|ru djus esa le; rFkk ykxr dh ck/;rk gksrh gS] ijUrq fMftVy xzaFkky; esa laxzfgr lwpuk dks vklkuh ls v|ru fd;k tk ldrk gSA lkFk gh baVjusV ds ek/;e ls uohu ,oa lkef;d lwpuk iznku fd;k tkrk gSA  

·       i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy ¼Environmental Friendly½% fMftVy xzaFkky; u dsoy rduhdh] foRrh; ,oa lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls Qk;nsean gS cfYd ;g i;kZoj.k dh n`f"V ls Hkh vuqdwy gSA ;g dkxt dh [kir ij fu;a=.k djrh gS] ftlls i;kZoj.k LoPN jgrk gSA

·       lalk/kuksa dh fofo/krk ¼Variety of Resources½% fMftVy xzaFkky; fofo/k izdkj ds lwpuk lalk/ku iznku djrh gS tSls bZ&iqLrdsa] bZ&if=dk,a] bZ&ys[k tks fo”ks"k :Ik ls Nk=ksa ,oa 'kks/kkfFkZ;ksa dh vko”;drk dks iwjk djrh gSA fMftVy xzaFkky; baVjsfDVo Vwy tSls&vkWfM;ks O;kk[;k] ohfM;ks O;k[;ku] vkHkkjh f”k{k.k i/nfr tks f”k{k.k iz.kkyh dks vkSj Hkh okLrfod ,oa vkd"kZd cukrh gSA

·       usVofdZax ¼Networking½% cgqr lkjs fMftVy xzaFkky; ,d flLVe ds ek/;e ls vkil esa tqM+dj lwpuk dk lapkj djrs gSA ,d usVodZ vk/kkfjr fMftVy xzaFkky; vU; fMftVy xzaFkky; ds lwpuk lalk/kuksa dk fyad iznku djrk gS ftlls mu ls tqM+ dj lwpuk izkIr dj ldrs gSaA

8-   fMftVy xzaFkky; dh pqukSfr;k¡ (Challenges of Digital Library): fMftVy xzaFkky; ds vusd ykHk ,oa lqfo/kk,a gS ijarq bldh dqN pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh gS tks fuEufyf[kr gaS&

·       usVodZ fuHkZjrk ¼Network Dependency½% fMftVy xzaFkky; iw.kZ :Ik baVjusV ij fuHkZj gS D;ksfd blesa lwpuk lalk/ku vFkkZr esVk MsVk fdlh dEI;wVj ds gkMZ fMLd ;k loZj ij laxzfgr jgrh gS ftlds lapkj ds fy, baVjusV dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA fdUrq vkt Hkh dbZ ,sls LFkku gS tgk¡ baVjusV dh igq¡p ugha gSA lrr~ lapkj ds fy, mPp xfr ds lkFk fujarjrk dh vko”;drk gksrh gSA vkt Hkh vf/kdka”kr% xzkeh.k ,oa fiNM+s {ks=ksa esa baVjusV dh  leL;k ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

·       izfrfyI;kf/kdkj ,oa ckSf/nd lEifRr vf/kdkj ¼Copyright and IPR½% baVjusV ij miyC/k lwpukvksa ds mi;ksx dks Hkh vklkuh ls izdkf”kr dj ldrk gS ftlls okLrfod ys[kd dh igpku djus esa leL;k gks tkrh gSA lwpukvksa ds fMftVfydj.k ds dkj.k izfrfyI;kf/kdkj dkuwu vlqjf{kr gks jgk gS ,oa ckSf/nd lEifRr vf/kdkj dk Hkh guu gks jgk gSA

·       lqj{kk ,oa xksiuh;rk ¼Security and Privacy½% fMftVy xzaFkky; esa MsVk dh lqj{kk ,oa xksiuh;rk ,d egRiw.kZ leL;k gksrh gS] D;ksfd blesa laxzfgr lalk/ku dk mi;ksx vusd yksx djrs gSA orZeku le; ds lkbcj vVSd tSlh rduhdh pqukSfr;k¡ bu xzaFkky;ksa ds fy, eq[; leL;k gS ftlls ges”kk MsVk ds u"V gksus ;k xyr mi;ksx dk [krjk jgrk gSA

·       lhfer fu;a=.k ¼Limited Control½% fMftVy xzaFkky; esa mi;ksxdrkZ ds ikl dk;Z fu"iknu ds fy, lhfer fu;a=.k gksrk gSA blesa MsVk ds izca/ku] fuxjkuh ,oa LokfeRo fMftVy lsok iznku djus okyh laLFkk ds fu;a=.k esa gksrk gS vFkkZr mi;ksxdrkZ blesa dksbZ cnyko ;k lq/kkj ugha dj ldrk gSA

·       fMftVy midj.k ,oa rduhdh vHkko ¼Absence of Digital Tools and Technology½% fMftVy xzaFkky; ds mi;ksx ds fy, mi;ksxdrkZ dks fMftVy midj.k ds mi;ksx ,oa vkbZ- lh- Vh- ls lacaf/kr ewyHkwr Kku gksuk vko”;d gS D;ksafd bldk iwjk dk;Z dEI;wVj ,oa baVjusV ds ek/;e ls gksrk gSA vkt Hkh vusd yksxksa ,oa dbZ ijaijkxr xzaFkky;ksa ds ikl dEI;wVj ;k fMftVy midj.k dh miyC/krk ugha gS ftlls os fMftVy xzaFkky; dk mi;ksx dj ldsA

·       'kkjhfjd nq"izHkko ¼Physical Effects½% dEI;wVj ;k fMftVy midj.k ds LØhu ls fudyus okyh gkfudkjd fdj.kksa ds dkj.k mi;ksxdrkZ dks yEcs le; rd i<+us dfBukbZ gksrh gSA

·       izkjafHkd ykxr ¼Initial Cost½% fMftVy xzaFkky; ds vk/kkjHkwr <kapk fuekZ.k esa cgqr vf/kd ykxr vkrh gSA blesa lwpuk lalk/kuksa ds fMftVfydj.k ds fy, gkMZos;j tSls& dEI;wVj] Ldsu] fizaVj] fjMj ,oa mPp Hk.Mkj {kerk eseksjh ,oa lkW¶Vos;j dh dher cgqr vf/kd gksrh gS 

9-   fu"d’kZ ¼Conclusion½%

ekuo tkfr ds fy, lwpuk ,oa Kku dh izkfIr lHkh miyfC/k;ksas ls loksZijh gSA ikjaifjd xzaFkky;ksa }kjk bu lwpuk ,oa Kku ds L=krksa dks lfn;ksa ls vkt rd lajf{kr ,oa lqjf{kr j[kk gS ijarq fMftVy xzaFkky; us ikjaifjd xzaFkky; ds lhekvksa dks ikj dj bl fMftVy ;qx esa izekf.kr lwpuk ,oa Kku rd igq¡p dks lcls ljy ,oa lqxe ek/;e iznku fd;k gSA ;g fMftVy lwpukvksa dk ,d laxfBr lewg gS tks ;kaf=d iBuh; ikB~; lkexzh ,oa busDVªkfuDl izk:i es MsVk csl miyC/k djkrh gSA blesa laxzfgr lwpuk ,oa L=krksa dks bl izdkj O;ofLFkr ,oa lqjf{kr fd;k tkrk gS dh og lHkh mi;ksxdrkZvksa ds fy, Rofjr ,oa vklku igq¡p gks rFkk ckn esa tc Hkh mldh vko”;drk gks mls iqu% izkIr Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g vko”;d ugha gS fd fMftVy ykbczsjh dk ,d usVodZ gks] ijUrq blesa eqfnzr ,oa izdkf”kr izys[kksa ds lkFk&lkFk fMftVy lwpukvksa dk Hk.Mkju gksuk pkfg,A

lanHkZ lwph ¼Reference½%

1-    vxzoky] mes”k dqekj- ¼2005½- vadh; xzaFkky; % lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dk uohu vkfo"dkj- xzaFkky; foKku] 36¼1&2½] 104&111- ISSN-0973-564X

2-    'kekZ] ch- ds- ,oa ik.Ms;] jkekuqtu- ¼2015½- fMftVy ykbczsjh% pqukSfr;k rFkk eqn~ns- xzaFkky; foKku] 46] 120&124- ISSN-0973-564X

3-    ikjhd] vo/ks”k dqekj ,oa gkMk] dfiy flag- ¼2013½- Hkkjr ds fMftVy ykbczsjh ifjn`”;- xzaFkky; foKku] 44] 19&25- ISSN-0973-564X

4-    d”;i] ,l- vkj- ,oa lriFkh] ,l- ds- ¼2011½- 'kS{kf.kd xzaFkky;ksa esa bySDVªfud lalk/ku % foosP; fo"k; ,o izo`fRr;k¡- xzaFkky; foKku] 42] 120&126- ISSN-0973-564X

5-    fryokuh] Vh- Mh- ,oa 'kekZ] vjfoUn- ¼2006½- fMftVy ykbczsjh% ,d uohu ;qx- xzaFkky; foKku] 37¼1&2½] 60&67- ISSN-0973-564X

6-    jkBkSj] jkts”k flag- ¼2004½- fMftVy xzaFkky;- xzaFkky; foKku] 35¼1&2½] 1&6- ISSN-0973-564X

7-    egkoj] ds- ,y- ,oa dkar] d`".kk- ¼2005½- fMftVy xzaFkky;- xzaFkky; foKku] 35¼1&2½] 56&64- ISSN-0973-564X

8-    yky] lh- ¼2009½- xzaFkky; ,oa vk/kqfud izkS|ksfxdhs- ESS ESS izdk”ku] ubZ fnYyh- ISBN-978-81-7000-545-2

9-    dqekj] vftr ,oa lksuh] dqekjh- ¼2024½- bZ&xzaFkky; izca/ku ds fofo/k vk;ke- xzaFkky; foKku] 55¼1½] 194&199- ISSN-0973-564X

10-  flag] lqjsUnz- ¼2023½- vadh; ;qx esa xzaFkky; vkSj xzaFkkfy;ksa dh Hkwfedk %  ,d ifjorZudkjh v/;;u- xzaFkky; foKku] 54¼1½] 71&75- ISSN-0973-564X

11-  pkS/kjh] Hkqous”oj jke ,oa flag] laxhrk- ¼2022½- fMftVy ykbczsjh dh mikns;rk ,oa pqukSfr;k¡- xzaFkky; foKku] 53¼2½] 55&63- ISSN-0973-564X

12-  flag] izeksn dqekj- ¼2015½- fMftVy ykbczsjh- ;wfuoflZVh ifCyds”ku] ubZ fnYyh- ISBN-978-81-7555-691-1

13-  https://old.diglib.org/about/dldefinition.htm

14-  Kumbhar, Baban. Role of Digital Library in Education and Research. ISBN-978-93-82995-18-0

15-  Kresh, Diane. (2007). The Whole Digital Library Handbook. American Library Association, Chicago.  ISBN-978-0-8389-0926-3