Authorship
pattern and Degree of collaboration in the field of Diabetes Research output in
India: A Scientometric analysis
Mahendra
Kumar Patel1, Maya Verma2
1SoS
in Library and Information Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur
(C.G) 492010
1mahendra23kumar@gmail.com, 2verma_maya64@rediffmail.com
Abstract:
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases in
India and has been a major cause of concern for many years. It is important to
measure the author productivity of diabetes research in India. This paper will
explore the trends in author productivity related to diabetes research in India
over the past few years. This study focused on analyzing Diabetic research
published via Web of Science (2018-2020). The results show that a total of 9185
papers were published. The year 2017 had the greatest number of publications,
with 745 total documents. The analysis reveals that Journal articles
constituted 8577 (93.381%) of total documents of source, followed by Website
406 (4.420%), Books 151 (1.644%), and respectively. Among all authors, V Mohan
has published 164 outputs from Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai,
followed by A Misra with 89 outputs in the field of diabetes research. The
degree of collaboration is found to be 0.918 from 1938 to 2020 and found
multiauthor dominating. The result of this study found that Indian authors
contributed more articles on diabetes research and should be encouraged to
contribute further works in this field.
Keywords: Diabetes, Scientometric,
Authorship pattern, Author Productivity, Publication, Degree of collaboration,
Web of Science, etc.
1.
Introduction
Diabetes
is a condition that impairs the body’s ability to process blood glucose,
otherwise known as blood sugar. There are several types of diabetes, which have
various treatments. Without ongoing, careful management, diabetes can lead to a
buildup of sugars in the blood, which can increase the risk of dangerous
complications, including stroke and heart disease. Different kinds of diabetes
can occur, and how people manage the condition depends on the type. Not all
forms of diabetes stem from a person being overweight or leading an inactive
lifestyle. Some are present from childhood.
The
most common types of diabetes include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes,
which we cover in more detail below. Less common types of diabetes include
monogenic diabetes and cystic fibrosis-related diabetes.(Diabetes:
Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention, and Early Diagnosis)
An estimated 30.3 million people in the United States, or 9.4
percent of the population, have diabetes. About one in four people with
diabetes don't know they have the disease. An estimated 84.1 million Americans
aged 18 years or older have prediabetes.(Patel and Verma)
Scientometrics and bibliometrics
are methodological approaches in which the scientific literature itself becomes
the subject of analysis. In a sense, they could be considered a science of
science. Scientometrics researchers often
attempt to measure the evolution of a scientific domain, the impact of
scholarly publications, the patterns of authorship, and the process of
scientific knowledge production. Scientometrics
and bibliometrics often involve the
monitoring of research, the assessment of the scientific contribution of
authors, journals, or specific works, as well as the analysis of the
dissemination process of scientific knowledge. (What
Are Scientometrics and Bibliometrics? - Provalis Research)
Modern
scientometrics is mostly based on the work of Derek J. de Solla Price and
Eugene Garfield. The latter created the Science Citation Index and founded the
Institute for Scientific Information which is heavily used for scientometric
analysis. A dedicated academic journal, Scientometrics, was established in
1978. The industrialization of science increased the quantity of publications
and research outcomes and the rise of the computers allowed effective analysis
of this data. While the sociology of science focused on the behavior of
scientists, scientometrics focused on the analysis of publications.
Accordingly, scientometrics is also referred to as the scientific and empirical
study of science and its outcomes. (Short
Note on Scientometrics | Research Methodology | Library and Information
Science)
2.
Review of
Literature
Nasrin Poly Tahmina, Mohaimenul Islam Md, et al.
(2023) conducted a bibliometric analysis of artificial
intelligence (AI) research related to diabetic retinopathy (DR) between 2012
and 2022. The analysis includes information on the growth rate of publications,
top countries, journals, institutes, and authors, as well as the co-occurrence
of keywords and reference co-citation analysis. The study analyzed a total of
931 articles on artificial intelligence (AI) for diabetic retinopathy (DR)
published between 2012 and 2022. The top 10 most productive authors in AI
research for DR were identified, with Ting D. ranking first among all authors.
The top 10 countries in terms of publication output were the People's Republic
of China, India, USA, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, United Kingdom,
Germany, Canada, and Italy. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
IEEE Access, and Computers in Biology and Medicine were the top contributing
journals in this field. The number of publications in this field has been steadily
increasing, with a significant growth rate observed in recent years.(Poly et al.)
Patel, Sina, and Khedkar, Vijayshri Nitin
(2021)
examine the trend in publications, authors, countries, and institutions from
Scopus and Web of Science databases to develop a global picture of diabetes
prediction research nationally and internationally. The analysis was enhanced
further by checking network indicators such as co-authorship, collaborative
countries, citation analysis, and keyword occurrence. (Khedkar and Patel)
Oliveira, Patricia Simplicio, et al.
(2020)
evaluated a bibliometric study using a sample of 85 articles published in
Scielo, Lilacs, Medline, and Scopus. The articles were mainly published in
international journals, including the Diabetes Educator Journal and national
journals, distributed to nurse researchers. Of 51 (67.1%) authors, 51 are
nurses, 53 are doctors, and 78 (91.8%) studies are original. Brazil had the
most significant number of studies, 33 (39.1%).(Oliveira et al.)
Rondan, Alvaro Taype, et al. (2017) analyze the
scientific production related to diabetes in Peru between 1996 and 2015. From
1996 to 2015, papers about diabetes published in the Web of Science Core
Collection (WoS) and Scopus databases were identified by Peruvian authors. The
results indicated that 75.3% of the 81 articles were original articles, no
intervention was evaluated, foreign sources funded 60.7% of the articles, 55.6%
had an author associated with the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), 65.4%
had a foreign author.(Taype-Rondan et al.)
Varadarajulu, Rachel, et al. (2013) studies the
research productivity regarding psychosocial aspects of diabetes from India.
Using the terms 'psychosocial', 'diabetes' in any field, and 'India' in the
author affiliation field, a search had carried out in PUBMED online database.
There are 16 articles available in PubMed related to the psychosocial impact of
diabetes, constituting only 0.08% of all articles in the database. There were
primarily original articles (13 out of 16), and the remainder was a case
report, review, and medical hypothesis. Most of the articles had made by
authors from Delhi, Chennai, and Visakhapatnam. (Varadarajulu et al.)
3.
Objectives
The
specific studies of the objectives are:
1.
To
find out the year-wise distribution in diabetes research.
2.
To
find out the document-wise distribution of diabetes literature.
3.
To
find out the authorship pattern of publication.
4.
To
find out the degree of collaboration.
5.
To
find out the prolific author in diabetes research.
4.
Methodology
The scientometric analysis was carried out to
identify the research productivity of diabetes in India. The data was retrieved
from the Web of Science database from 2018 to 2020. The references from the
articles have taken for analysis. For collecting data, the search term
"Diabetes" is used and country and year filters are applied (ALL
FIELD-KEY “DIABETES”, PUB. COUNTRY- INDIA, PUB. YEAR- 2018-2020). There are
9185 records in total, which have been collected, imported into MS-Office and Excel,
analyzed, and presented in table and chart format. Author productivity and
Degree of collaboration have also been calculated.
5.
Data Analysis and
Interpretation
5.1 Year-wise distribution of diabetes research
Table No-01: Year-wise distribution
Sl.No
|
Year
|
No. of Records
|
Percentage
|
Sl.No
|
Year
|
No. of Records
|
Percentage
|
1
|
1938
|
1
|
0.011
|
37
|
1986
|
18
|
0.196
|
2
|
1940
|
1
|
0.011
|
38
|
1987
|
12
|
0.131
|
3
|
1950
|
1
|
0.011
|
39
|
1988
|
24
|
0.261
|
4
|
1951
|
5
|
0.054
|
40
|
1989
|
17
|
0.185
|
5
|
1952
|
1
|
0.011
|
41
|
1990
|
23
|
0.250
|
6
|
1954
|
1
|
0.011
|
42
|
1991
|
33
|
0.359
|
7
|
1955
|
1
|
0.011
|
43
|
1992
|
29
|
0.316
|
8
|
1956
|
2
|
0.022
|
44
|
1993
|
33
|
0.359
|
9
|
1957
|
1
|
0.011
|
45
|
1994
|
43
|
0.468
|
10
|
1958
|
1
|
0.011
|
46
|
1995
|
40
|
0.435
|
11
|
1959
|
5
|
0.054
|
47
|
1996
|
65
|
0.708
|
12
|
1960
|
2
|
0.022
|
48
|
1997
|
57
|
0.621
|
13
|
1961
|
3
|
0.033
|
49
|
1998
|
83
|
0.904
|
14
|
1962
|
3
|
0.033
|
50
|
1999
|
70
|
0.762
|
15
|
1963
|
1
|
0.011
|
51
|
2000
|
148
|
1.611
|
16
|
1964
|
1
|
0.011
|
52
|
2001
|
180
|
1.960
|
17
|
1965
|
4
|
0.044
|
53
|
2002
|
201
|
2.188
|
18
|
1966
|
2
|
0.022
|
54
|
2003
|
203
|
2.210
|
19
|
1967
|
2
|
0.022
|
55
|
2004
|
281
|
3.059
|
20
|
1969
|
1
|
0.011
|
56
|
2005
|
245
|
2.667
|
21
|
1970
|
3
|
0.033
|
57
|
2006
|
278
|
3.027
|
22
|
1971
|
3
|
0.033
|
58
|
2007
|
306
|
3.332
|
23
|
1972
|
13
|
0.142
|
59
|
2008
|
368
|
4.007
|
24
|
1973
|
1
|
0.011
|
60
|
2009
|
357
|
3.887
|
25
|
1974
|
10
|
0.109
|
61
|
2010
|
442
|
4.812
|
26
|
1975
|
6
|
0.065
|
62
|
2011
|
464
|
5.052
|
27
|
1976
|
5
|
0.054
|
63
|
2012
|
479
|
5.215
|
28
|
1977
|
9
|
0.098
|
64
|
2013
|
619
|
6.739
|
29
|
1978
|
4
|
0.044
|
65
|
2014
|
605
|
6.587
|
30
|
1979
|
6
|
0.065
|
66
|
2015
|
637
|
6.935
|
31
|
1980
|
7
|
0.076
|
67
|
2016
|
664
|
7.229
|
32
|
1981
|
13
|
0.142
|
68
|
2017
|
745
|
8.111
|
33
|
1982
|
14
|
0.152
|
69
|
2018
|
640
|
6.968
|
34
|
1983
|
8
|
0.087
|
70
|
2019
|
313
|
3.408
|
35
|
1984
|
11
|
0.120
|
71
|
2020
|
283
|
3.081
|
36
|
1985
|
28
|
0.305
|
TOTAL
|
|
9185
|
100.00
|
Table
no-01 and figure no-01 show that year-wise distribution of publication of
diabetes research output from 1938 to 2020, a total of 9185 were published. The
highest number of publications, 745 (8.111%), were published in 2017, followed
by 2016, i.e., 664 (7.229%) publications. The 2018 were 640 (6.968%) followed
by 2015 i.e., 637 (6.935%) publications. The lowest publication number was in
1938, i.e., 1 (0.011%). The study reveals the highest number of articles
published in 2017, i.e., 745 (7.229%).
5.2 Document-wise distribution of publications
Table No-02: Document-wise distribution
Source
|
No. of Records
|
Percentage
|
Journal
Article
|
8577
|
93.381
|
Website
|
406
|
4.42
|
Books
|
151
|
1.644
|
Reports
|
19
|
0.207
|
Conference
Proceeding
|
16
|
0.174
|
News
|
4
|
0.044
|
Thesis
|
3
|
0.033
|
Review
|
2
|
0.022
|
Dictionary
|
2
|
0.022
|
E-book
|
2
|
0.022
|
Encyclopaedia
|
1
|
0.011
|
Magazine
|
1
|
0.011
|
Database
|
1
|
0.011
|
TOTAL
|
9185
|
100
|
Table
no-01 and figure no-01 show the document-wise distribution of publications,
including Journal articles, Websites, Books, Conference Proceedings, Reports,
News, Reviews, Thesis, dictionaries, Encyclopedia, E-book, magazines, and
Databases. The analysis found that 8577 publications based on the Web of
Science revealed that journal articles occupy the predominant position sharing
93.381%. The other source is website 406 (4.420%), followed by books 151
(1.644%), conference proceedings 16 (0.174%), and followed by other sources of
publications.
5.3 Authorship pattern of publication
Table No-03:
Authorship pattern
Sl. No
|
Authors
|
No. of Records
|
Percentage
|
1
|
Single
author
|
535
|
6.238
|
2
|
Two
authors
|
887
|
10.342
|
3
|
Three
authors
|
910
|
10.610
|
4
|
Multiple
author
|
5991
|
69.850
|
5
|
Author
name not mentioned
|
254
|
2.961
|
Total
|
8577
|
100
|
Table
no-03 and figure no-03 show the authorship pattern of publication. The analysis
found that multiple authors contribute more publications than a single author.
Multiple authors contribute 6991 (69.850%) publications followed by Three
authors contribute 910 (10.610%), Two authors 887 (10.342%) and the least
number of contributions is by Single author, i.e., 535 (6.238%) publications.
5.4 Degree of Collaboration
Various
methods have been the degree methods proposed to calculate the degree of
research collaboration. Here in this study the formula proposed by Subramanyam
(1983) has been used.(Khaparde Professor and Pawar)
The
degree of collaboration C = Nm
Ns+ Nm
Where,
C = Degree of collaboration in a discipline
Nm = number of multi authored papers in the
discipline
Ns = number of single papers in the discipline
Here,
Nm = 5991
Ns
= 535
C = 5991 = 0.918
5991+535
Thus,
the degree of collaboration (C) from 1938 to 2020 is 0.918.
Year
wise degree of collaboration
Sl.
No
|
Year
|
Ns
|
Nm
|
Ns+Nm
|
Dc
|
Sl.
No
|
Year
|
Ns
|
Nm
|
Ns+Nm
|
Dc
|
1
|
1938
|
1
|
-
|
1
|
0
|
|