A study of Authorship Pattern and Collaborative Measures of Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur Chhattisgarh

^1,*Purnima Kumari, ²Kirti Jachak

¹Assistant Librarian, Pt Ravishankar ShuklaUniversity, Raipur, Chhattisgarh

²Library Assistant-II, Pt Ravishankar ShuklaUniversity, Raipur, Chhattisgarh

purnimavaru@gmail.com, kirtijachak@gmail.com

Abstract: The study highlights the Authorship pattern and collaborative measures of the 1692 Scholarly publications published in the Web of Science database for 21 years from 1989 to 2020. The study reveals the various significant aspects like the Collaborative index, collaborative coefficients, the correlation between authors and articles, and the degree of collaboration.  There is a highly significant correlation found between articles and the authors. The highest collaborative index (3.32) and collaborative coefficient (0.64) were recorded in the year 2000. 1644 publications were co-authorship index while 48 publications single author index out of 1692 publications.

Keywords: Authorship pattern, Collaborative coefficient, collaborative Index, Degree of Collaborative, correlations.

Introduction

The Research productivity of the higher educational Institute has a multidimensional character related to knowledge production and dissemination through its various form of research, teaching, and various academic activities. Research is the only tool to enhance knowledge. The term Scientometrics was used to denote “Measurement of Informatics process” in the 1960s, in Eastern Europe. It originated as a Russian term for the application of measuring and analyzing quantitative or qualitative aspects of scientific Literature. It is a subfield of bibliometrics. Scientific study characterizes the trends and growth of Scientific Literature in the field of Science.

According to the Amsaveni, M and others Authorship pattern is the important and interesting part of any bibliometric, Scintometric and all metric study. A count of authors contributing to article offers some indication to the degree of collaboration between authors. (Amsaveni et al. 230). According to the Yadav, Sunil kumar Collaboration coefficient is a measure for collaboration in research that reproduce in the mean number of auhors per paper and propotion of multiauthored papers. (Yadav et al.)

Review of Literature

Yadav, Sunil Kumar; Manoj Kumar Verma, and S.N. Singh (2020) lead a Scientometric Study Based on the Indian Citation Index Research Productivity of Mizoram University from 2004-to 2017. It is noted that the Publication with the highest rank was found in current science with 16 Publications. Most articles were published on the subject of Biological science from 2014-to 2017. The productivity of research output is increasing year by year. The study also shows the majority of publications index in the Indian Citation Index was a double authorship pattern from 2004-to 2017 and then the single authorship pattern has been chosen by the faculty members

Nidhisha, P.K, and Sarangapani, R. (2019) evaluated the research productivity of the Indian Institute of Technology, Calicut. The study observed that the researchers are highly interested to publish their research output so that the productivity of research publications increases year by year. The study also revealed that articles are the most published form of document and the two authors' authorship pattern is preferred mostly by them. Kumar, Satish (2018) conducted a Scientometric study of Research productivity of Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital. For the study, the data is collected from the Web of science Bibliographical database between 2001 and 2015. The Findings of the study indicated that the Astronomy & Astrophysics and Atmospheric Sciences is the main focus research area by ARIES. Out of 10 collaborating countries, the Scientists of ARIES have highly collaborated with the USA. Patel, Vimlesh, and N.S. Thakur (2018) analyzed the Research productivity of the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur from 2012 to 2016. The result shows that most article is published form of Literature and the Environmental Sciences and Ecology are found that the highly productive subject areas. Regarding authorship patterns, most authors like to publish papers with collaborations, between four authors. Bhardwaj, Raj Kumar (2016) conducted a Scientific study of a world Research publication related to the Ebola virus. The study covers the 2446 journals that have been published in 159 journals from 84 countries till December 2013. The result revealed that maximum literature regarding the Ebola virus is published in the form of articles and reviews. The majority of the article is published in English. Out of 84 countries, The United States found that the leading country was followed by Germany in Research outcome. M., Chaman Sab; Dharani Kumar P and B. S. Biradar (2016) analyze the research performance on fisheries in India in a term in terms of publication in the Web of Science database from 2011 to 2016. There are 1373 papers included in the study. The study concluded that the frequency of publication is increasing year by year. Regarding the International collaboration of Article, South Korea got the highest rank with 42 Publications. It is also noted that the majority of scientists preferred the Indian journal of Fisheries for the publication of Articles. Lee, Chu Keong (2003) evaluate the research performance of the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Singapore. The result indicated that the most article published in ISI journals (378 out of 395 articles) by IMCB researchers. Regarding citations, the articles received an average of 25 to 35 citations per article, and the percentage of uncited articles is 11.6%.S., Aswathy, and A Gopikuttan (2013) deal with a Scientometric study that investigated the authorship pattern, degree of collaboration among authors, and the distribution of Year, designation, and experience-wise of an article. The study also finds out the appropriateness of Lotka’s inverse law. The result of the study revealed that the year-wise publication of journal articles shows an increasing tendency. The frequency of publication is very low in 2005 and high in 2009 respectively. The relation between the experience and productivity with multi-authorship among university teachers is not found (S & Gopikuttan, 2013)statistically significant and Lotka’s inverse square law seems to be rejected. Beck, M.T., and V.Gasper (1991) examine the scientometric evaluation of the scientific performance at the faculty of natural sciences, Kossuth Lajos University, Debrecen, Hungary. The result indicated the standard of research in different departments of the Faculty members of the Natural Sciences and no considerable difference was found between the publication activity of the research institutes of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the corresponding departments of our Faculty, although, significant differences occur in certain fields. P. Rajendran; R.Jeyshankar and B. Elango (2011) conducted a study on Scientometric analysis of contributions to the journal of scientific and industrial research. The study contains 60 issues from 2005-to 2009 of Five Volumes of the journal. There are 633 contributions found in whole articles, in this only 51 are single-authored and the rest by multi-authored with a degree of collaboration of 0.92 and week collaboration among the authors. The study revealed that the author's productivity is 0.34 and dominated by Indian authors.

Objectives of the study

      I.     To examine the Authorship Pattern of Research Production of Pt Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh.

    II.     To find out collaborative measures like collaborative index, Degree of Collaboration, and collaborative co-efficient of Articles.

Research Approach

The web of Science database was used as major source of data for the present study. The present study aims to measure the Scholarly Literature of Pt Ravishankar Shukla University. The data was collected from an online database of the Web of Science published during 1989-to 2020. The Obtain data was analyzed through MS Excel and SPSS.

Data Analysis and Discussion

Table no 1 analyzes the authorship for the period 1989-2020. The table shows that the Single authorship contribution is 2.84%, two authors are 29.55%, three authors are 26.12%, four authors 17.43%, five authors 9.52%, Six authors 6.03% and more than six authors are 8.51%. The result indicated that the majority of articles were found into double authorship patterns.

The ratios of the total author per article are as follows:

Average author per articles = Total no of Authors/ Total no of Articles

                                       =3384/1692

                                       =2

The authorship pattern is found 2 in the year 1989.

Table 2: correlation between the number of Articles and Numbers of Authors.

Table no 2 represents the correlation between total papers and total authors. The correlation between total papers and total authors is 0.921 and its p-value is 0.000. the p-value indicates that the correlation between them is highly positive and highly significant. It may be concluded that as the number of authors increases the number of papers increases as well significantly

Table no 3 Correlation between Single Author and Multiple authors.

Table no 3 represents the correlation between a single author and multiple authors. The correlation between single authors and multiple authors is 0.273 and its p-value is 0.130. So, we see that correlation between them is a moderate positive correlation. the p-value indicates that the correlation between them is not significant. It may be concluded that there is not a significant relationship found between single authors and multiple authors.

Table: 4 Authorship pattern and collaborative index in Articles

Table no 4 studied the Authorship pattern and collaborative index in Articles between the period of 1989 to 2004. The collaborative index measurement is derived by Lawani (1986). In this, we calculated the mean no of Authors. The collaborative Index of 2.38 in 1989 has increased to 6.46 in 2020. An example of the calculation of the Collaborative index is :

Collaborative Index measurement formula (CI): (f1)1+ (f2)2+(f3)3………+(fk)k/ N

Where is f=Number of Authors in a particular year

N= Total number of Articles published in that year.

 CI= (2*1+24*2+11*3+3*4+5*0+6*0+7*0) /40

                        =(2+48+33+12+0+0+0)/40          

                        = 95/40

                        = 2.38

The Collaborative index 2.38 is found that in the year 1989

Table No. 5 Degree of collaboration in Articles

Table no 5 analyses the Degree of collaboration from the year 1989 to 2020.  As a result, found that the Degree of collaboration has been fluctuated year by year. In the year 1989, the highest degree of collaboration was found in the years 1995, 1998, 2006, 2011, 2018, and 2020. An example of the calculation of the Degree of collaboration (Subramanyam, K. 1983) is:

Degree of collaboration (DC)= Nm/ Nm+Ns

Where:

Nm= Number of Multiple Author Publication in a year.

Ns= Number of Single Author Publication in a year.

DC= 38/38+2

     =.95

.95 is found as a Degree of collaboration in the year 1989.

Table no 6 Collaborative coefficients in Articles

Table no 6 indicates the Collaborative Co-efficient (CC) of articles. It is noticed that the lowest and highest collaborative coefficient are found at .52 and .79 in the year 1993 and the year 2020. An example of the calculation of  Collaborative Co-efficient (CC).

Collaborative Co-efficient (CC)= 1

Where:

J= Number of Authors in an article

fj=Number of j authored articles

N= Total number of Articles published in a year

A = Total authors per article

CC= 1-(2+24*½+11*⅓+3*¼+0*1/5+0*1/6+0*1/7) / 40

      = 0.54

The Collaborative co-efficient is found at 0.54 in the year 1989

Table no 7 shows the collaborative co-efficient research measure of total research output published on the Web of Science from the year 1989 to 2020. A total number of 1692 articles was published. Out of 1692 Articles, Single author contribution is 48, and multiples author is 6336. The collaborative co-efficient is found at 20.05, while the Degree of collaboration and Collaborative index is observed at 31.04 and 50.18 respectively.  

Findings

1.   There are 1692 article published during the period of 1989 to 2020. Out of 1692 Articles, Single author contribution is 48, and multiples author is 6336.

2.   In the Authorship pattern of Articles, There are Single authorship contribution is 2.84%, two authors are 29.55%, three authors are 26.12%, four authors 17.43%, five authors 9.52%, Six authors 6.03% and more than six authors are 8.51%. Majority of articles were found into double authorship patterns.

3.   In the Collaborative Co-efficient (CC) of articles. It is noticed that the lowest and highest collaborative coefficient are found at .52 and .79 in the year 1993 and the year 2020.

4.   Degree of collaboration has been fluctuated year by year. In the year 1989, the highest degree of collaboration was found in the years 1995, 1998, 2006, 2011, 2018, and 2020.

5.   The correlation between single authors and multiple authors is 0.273 and its p-value is 0.130. So that there is not a significant relationship found between single authors and multiple authors.

6.   The correlation between single authors and multiple authors is 0.273 and its p-value is 0.130. So, there is not a significant relationship found between single authors and multiple authors.

Conclusion

The study focused the descriptive bibliometric studies on authorship patterns and collaboration measures. The results indicated that the multiple author's contributions are greater than the single author's contribution. The correlation between the single and multiple authors is not significant while the correlation between the Article and authors is found highly positive and significant. The collaborative measures like the degree of collaboration fluctuated year by year.

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