A
Study on Comparison of Financial Management Practices in Sports Department of
Public and Private Colleges of Chhattisgarh
Jaya Chandra1,
A. K. Srivastava2, Rajeev Choudhary3
1 Research Scholar, Institute of
Management, Pt. R. S. University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
2 Director and Professor, Institute
of Management, Pt. R. S. University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
3 Professor and HOD, SOS in Physical
Education, Pt. R. S. University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
jaya.chandra.edu@gmail.com; ashish_1k@rediffmail.com;
choudharyrajee@gmail.com
Corresponding author: jaya.chandra.edu@gmail.com
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare financial
management practices in sports department in public and private colleges in
Chhattisgarh. To achieve this purpose questionnaire was used as an instrument
and were distributed to 100 subjects including sports officer, chief coach, senior
coach from public and private colleges in Chhattisgarh. The questionnaire
contained two parts A and B. Part A contained questions related with the
demographic profile and Part B contained statements on financial management
practices. The collected data were statistically analyzed using chi square to
test the hypothesis at 0.05 alpha level of significance using SPSS version 16.
Keywords-Financial management, sports, public, private
college
1. Introduction
From the outset, it's important to
define the relevant basic term ‘Comparative’ it stems from the Latin word ‘compare’ aiming to observe two or more things so as to get any
relationships or similarities or differences .DeSensi, Kelley, Blanton, and
Beitel (1990, p.33) defined sport management as “any combination of
skills associated with planning,
organizing, directing, controlling, budgeting, leading, and evaluating within
the context of a corporation or department
whose primary product or service is said to
sport and/or physical activity”.
The need for sport management was evident in 1957, when Walter O'Malley,
owner of the l. a. Dodgers, wrote, I ask
the question, where would one attend find an individual who by virtue of education has been
trained to administer a marina, race track, resort ,
auditorium, stadium, theatre, convention or exhibit hall, a public camp
complex, or an individual to fill an
executive position at a team or league level in junior athletics like baseball league baseball,
football, scouting, CYO, and youth activities, etc. (Mason, Higgins, &
Wilkinson, 1981, p. 44). the necessity for
Sports management was felt more in India when IPL - Indian Premier League
(cricket) started in 2008 and by now we've Hockey
India League (started in 2013), Pro Kabaddi League (started in 2014), ISL -
Indian Super League (for football, started in 2013), Indian Badminton League
(started in 2013) then on. Currently
India features a few Institutes
which are focusing purely on Sports Management Education unlike in other
Countries where a student has an option of
selecting a Master’s degree from quite 16
Sports Management Master’s Degree available in
several areas catering to Sports as an Industry. the subsequent parameters are suggested for measuring
sports management (1) finance (2) facilities (3) equipment (4) personnel (5)
sports policies, (6) recruitment, (7) organizational structures (8) public
relation (9) motivation (10) students’ participations in sports
management. The aim of this study is to spot, analyze and compare financial management
practices of public and personal institutions
of Chhattisgarh and also to supply suggestions
if any lapse is discovered in financial management practices so on enhance the promotion and development of
sports within the government and personal institutions of Chhattisgarh in future
sporting competitions.
2. Literature
Review
Igbango
(1986)
defined finance for any sports event as the govt receipt, college funds, general
organizational and activities fees and some other more revenues which are to be
incorporated.
Bucher
and Krotee (2002) stated that sports programme should be funded out
of central administration revenues just as other phases of education programme are
financed. It is further advised that in a well-organized school sports
programme, finance should cover the provision for transportation so that athletic
teams can participate in sport contests by arriving safety on time.
Oyedde
(2000)
stated that personnel are those officials that play an important role in any
competitive sport programme and these sports personnel should be well
qualified, certified and licensed and therefore they should hold membership in
their respective officiating association
Ladani
(1998)
identified the tasks of sport manager and personnel which includes planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, budgeting and evaluating which in
common parlance is referred to as “POSDCORBE”
Atoyebi
(1992)
stated that adequate planning and construction of facilities are necessary if
performance and participation in inter-collegiate sports programme are needed
to be appreciated.
Ladani
(1990)
observed that sport equipment consists of tools that the coaches and
participants sue during sport competition.
3. Research
Methodology
3.1. Purpose of
the Study
The study intends to
bring out the association between the financial management practices in sports
department of public and private colleges of Chhattisgarh.
3.2. Research
Objective
1.To find out the association in financial
management practices in sports department of public and private colleges of
Chhattisgarh.
3.3. Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the
Financial management practices in sports department of public and private
colleges of Chhattisgarh.
3.4. Research
Design
In this study the
researcher used the descriptive research design. Hundred questionnaires were distributed
to sports officer, chief coach, senior coach from
public and private colleges in Chhattisgarh. Convenience sampling method was adopted in this study. Data were
collected from both primary and secondary sources. In primary method data were
collected by using questionnaire making use of the Likert five-point scale
technique. Secondary data were collected from the internet, newspapers,
journals and books.
4. Data
Analysis and Interpretation
Table-1: Findings related to “financial management practices
in sports department in public and private colleges of Chhattisgarh” and
responses (Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree)
|
Institutions * Responses Crosstabulation
|
|
|
Responses
|
Total
|
|
Strongly Agree
|
Agree
|
Neutral
|
Disagree
|
Strongly Disagree
|
|
Institutions
|
Public
|
Count
|
10
|
16
|
5
|
4
|
15
|
50
|
|
Expected Count
|
9.0
|
12.5
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
13.0
|
50.0
|
|
% within Institutions
|
20.0%
|
32.0%
|
10.0%
|
8.0%
|
30.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
% within Responses
|
55.6%
|
64.0%
|
33.3%
|
25.0%
|
57.7%
|
50.0%
|
|
% of Total
|
10.0%
|
16.0%
|
5.0%
|
4.0%
|
15.0%
|
50.0%
|
|
Private
|
Count
|
8
|
9
|
10
|
12
|
11
|
50
|
|
Expected Count
|
9.0
|
12.5
|
7.5
|
8.0
|
13.0
|
50.0
|
|
% within Institutions
|
16.0%
|
18.0%
|
20.0%
|
24.0%
|
22.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
% within Responses
|
44.4%
|
36.0%
|
66.7%
|
75.0%
|
42.3%
|
50.0%
|
|
% of Total
|
8.0%
|
9.0%
|
10.0%
|
12.0%
|
11.0%
|
50.0%
|
|
Total
|
Count
|
18
|
25
|
15
|
16
|
26
|
100
|
|
Expected Count
|
18.0
|
25.0
|
15.0
|
16.0
|
26.0
|
100.0
|
|
% within Institutions
|
18.0%
|
25.0%
|
15.0%
|
16.0%
|
26.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
% within Responses
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
100.0%
|
|
% of
Total
|
18.0%
|
25.0%
|
15.0%
|
16.0%
|
26.0%
|
100.0%
|
Table 4 shows the relationship related to financial
management practices in sports in public and private colleges of Chhattisgarh
In case of
public college observed responses are 10,16,5,4,15 respectively for SA, A, N, D, SD (Total 50). The expected count is
observed 9, 12.5, 7.5, 8.0, 13.0 respectively for SA, A, N, D, SD (Total 50).
20%, 32%, 10%, 8%, 30% is found percentage within institutions (Total 100%). On
the other hand, 55.6%, 64.0%, 33.3%, 25.0%, 57.7% is found percentage within responses for SA, A, N, D, SD (Total 50 %). In case of the
total percentage 10%, 16%, 5%, 4%, 15% is observed for SA, A, N, D, SD respectively
(Total 50%).
In case
of private college observed responses are 8, 9, 10, 12, 11 respectively for SA,
A, N, D, SD (Total 50). The expected count is observed 9, 12.5, 7.5, 8.0, 13.0
respectively for SA, A, N, D, SD (Total 50). 16%, 18%, 20%, 24%, 22% is found
percentage within institutions (Total 100%). On the other hand, 44.4%, 36%, 66.7%, 75%, 42.3%
is found percentage within responses for
SA, A, N, D, SD (Total 50 %). In case of the total percentage 8%, 9%, 10%, 12%,
11% is observed for SA, A, N, D, SD respectively (Total 50%).
(SA=Strongly Agree; A= Agree; N=Neutral; D=Disagree;
SD= Strongly Disagree)
Table 2: Chi square to find out the association between
colleges (Public and Private Colleges) and responses (Strongly Agree, Agree,
Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree) related to “financial management
practices in sports department”
|
Chi-Square Tests
|
|
|
Value
|
df
|
Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
|
|
Pearson Chi-Square
|
25.971a
|
4
|
.000
|
|
Likelihood Ratio
|
29.035
|
4
|
.000
|
|
Linear-by-Linear Association
|
9.880
|
1
|
.002
|
|
Number of Valid Cases
|
100
|
|
|
|
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected
count is 7.50.
|
Table 2 represents that the observed chi square
value is 25.971 and is found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance (p<0.05).
This shows that significant association exists between the institutions and
responses. Therefore, our formulated hypothesis is found to be incorrect and it
may be concluded that significant difference is found on the financial
management practices in sports department of public and private colleges of
Chhattisgarh.
5. Results
and Findings
On the basis of the analysis of data chi square
value is found to be significant at 0.05 level of significance which means that
significant difference exists in financial management practices in sports
department of public and private colleges of Chhattisgarh.
6. Conclusion
It can be concluded from the study that significant
difference exists in financial management practices in sports department of
public and private colleges of Chhattisgarh. Public colleges received more finance
as compared to private colleges that’s the reason they can provide better
facilities to sports persons as compared to private colleges. Since the only
source of finance in private college is sports fees whereas in public colleges
they get government grants, sponsorships etc. Hence, more funds means more
better facilities to the sports person for that college.
7. Recommendations
for future research work
1.
Separate researches can be
undertaken to compare the personnel management of Public and private colleges
of Chhattisgarh state.
2.
Research can be done on the same
topic but by considering some other variables that are not covered in this
research work.
References
- Abubakar A. (1992). Facility Planning and Management
overview, Manual of Nigeria Academic of Sports Adm. 1(73-78).
- Meek, A. (1998). Planning, Programming, Budgeting
System (PPBS) Education, New England Development Council, Cambridge,
Massachuset.
- Tooley
J.(2005)Management of Private-aided Higher
Education in Karnataka,
India,
- Financing and
Management of Higher Education: Evidence from Jordan retrieved from http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ibr/article/view/16637
-
Browning, J.
(2013) in her research article titled,
Determining a Relationship Between Higher Education
Financial Position and
Tuition Discount Rates
retrieved from http://www2.uca.es/HEURESIS/documentos/BMinforme.p