Analysis of Diabetes Research Literature in India during 2019: A Scientometric Study

Mahendra Kumar Patel*and Dr. Maya Verma**

Researcher in S. o. S. in Library and Information Science, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G)

Professor and Head in S. o. S. in Library and Information Science, Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G).

E-mail: verma_maya64@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT: This study analyses the research output in diabetes literature in India during 2019 indexed on Web of Science database on several aspects includes growth, rank and global publication and share of international collaborative papers. It also analyses the most productive authors, top journals, on-year wise distribution, country wise distribution and authorship pattern of contribution. The highest number of scientific outputs belongs to USA, UK, Netherland, India followed by other countries which considerably had a lower rate of publication. Among all authors globally V. Mohan contributed 75 articles on Diabetes literature. From this study it was concluded that the publication on Diabetes literature was increased and more participation should be needed for the growth of Diabetes literature nationally throughout countries.

Keywords: Scientometric analysis, Diabetes literature, Authorship pattern, Publication output, India.

 1. Introduction

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas is no longer able to make insulin, or when the body cannot make good use of the insulin it produces. Diabetes occurs when blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high. Blood glucose is main source of energy and comes from the food. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from food get into cells to be used for energy. Sometimes body doesn’t make enough or any insulin or doesn’t use insulin well. Glucose then stays in blood and doesn’t reach cells. Over time, having too much glucose in blood can cause health problems. Although diabetes has no cure, few steps can be taken to manage diabetes and stay healthy

Over time, having too much glucose in your blood can cause health problems, such as heart disease, nerve damage, eye problems, and kidney disease. You can take steps to prevent diabetes or manage it.

An estimated 30.3 million people in the United States, or 9.4 percent of the population, have diabetes. About one in four people with diabetes don’t know they have the disease. An estimated 84.1 million Americans aged 18 years or older have prediabetes.

            International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimates that worldwide, 415 million people have diabetes, 91% of whom have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1]. People with diabetes comprise 8.8% of the world’s population, and IDF predicts that the number of cases of diabetes will rise to 642 million by 2040 [1].(Einarson et al.)

Scientometrics

The Scientometric study is the most prominent methods for identifying the quality and productivity of a particular subject or the nature of the scientific output. The paper deeply analysed on Diabetes articles indexed by a Web of Science database during the year 2019.The term “Diabetes” is used for data collection and also additionally used the term “India” for location. The results shows 156 articles were published during the year. Each article has published by different authors. 

Nalimov and Mulchenko (1971) coined the Russian equivalent of the term “scientometrics” in 1969, and defined it as the quantitative study of various kinds of intelligence process in the development of science. The term has obtained  broad  acceptance from the journal Scientometrics, which was built in 1978.Scientometrics is a discipline that uses mathematical methods to quantify the scientific research personnel and achievements to reveal the process of scientific development, and can provide scientific basis for scientific decision making and management (Qiuet al., 2017). Scientometricsuses citation analysis and other quantitative methods to evaluate scientific research activities and thus guide the policy of science (Egghe, 2005).

Scientometric studies mainly focused on the evaluation of scientific productivity and investigations on various aspects of scholarly writings as these analytical studies play a pivotal role in the decision-making and policy-making process of any academic field. The Scientometric systematic survey is a reliable and foremost way to observe research trends and scholarly activities. Journals are a vital role play in a spread the information about research and academic information worldwide.(Boopathi and Gomathi)

2. Review of Literature

According toFink (1998) literature review is a systematic method for identifying, evaluating and interpreting the work of researchers, scholars and practitioners in a chosen fields. Reviews of literature provides a direction, framework of theoretical advancement that have been considered in the present research of Scientometric study of diabetes research publications

Zahra Emami, et al (2018) studied the scientometric approach. The study was formed by the indexed scientific results of diabetes mellitus in the Web of Science database during 2007-2013. A total of 6532 records were retrieved from 3926 institutions. Most of the scientific documents produced in the Middle East belonged to Turkey (31.91%) and Iran (21.7%). Top ranking countries in diabetic research were Turkey, Iran and Israel respectively(Emami et al.).

MasondRasolabadi, et al (2015) evaluated the diabetes research from the SCOPUS citation database till the end of 2014. The total documents 4425 indexed in SCOPUS for Iran from beginning to the end of 2014, with an average number of 96.2 papers per year and an annual average growth rate is 25.5%. The total publication output of Iran in diabetes research increased from 49 papers during 1968-1999 to 4376 papers during 2000-2014(Rasolabadi et al.).

Waqas Shuaib and Juan L Costa (2015) studied a total of 100 articles were included in investigation under the subject category Diabetes, diabetes mellitus and diabetics. The SCOPUS database was searched to determine the citations of all published diabetes articles. The journal number of top 100 cited articles was The New England Journal of Medicine with 23, followed by 22 in Diabetes Care. The article published during the period between 2000-2009. The United States had the highest number of articles 59. Analysis provides an insight on the citation frequency of top cited articles published in diabetes to help recognise the quality of the work, discoveries and the trends steering the study of diabetes(Shuaib and Costa).

Fiona Geaney, et al (2015) evaluated type 2 diabetes mellitus research output from 1951-2012 by using large scale data analysis, bibliometric indicators and density-equalizing mapping. Data were retrieved from the Science Citation Index expanded database. A total of 24,783 items were published and cited 476,002 times. The greatest numbers of output were published in 2010. The United States contributed 28.8% to the overall output, followed by the United Kingdom (8.2%) and Japan (7.7%). Bibliometric analysis provides useful information to scientists and funding agencies involved in the development and implementation of research strategies to address global health issue(Geaney et al.).

Karuilancheran C and Baskaran C (2014) studied the testing of Bradford’s law based on the data collected from PubMed for 19 years from 1995-2013. A total of 8156 records of various types comprising articles, meetings abstracts, reviews bibliographic items etc. were collected during 2013 and 2014.The study mainly focus on the source of publication particularly journal articles in which Indian researchers have published in the field of diabetes and allied disease(Approach).

            B M Gupta, et al (2011) studied diabetes research publication during 1999-2008 using SCOPUS database and indicated that the annual growth rate of articles in diabetes published during the period 1999-2008 was 13.71 percent in India. Result shows that India ranks 11th among the top 18 countries in diabetes research compared to China, Brazil and South Korea(Gupta and Bala).

Y I Harande (2011) studied Bibliometric technique and Bradford-Zipf distribution on exploring the literature of diabetes. The data was collected from PubMed. A list of periodical articles on diabetes in Nigeria published during 1966-2009. A total of 512 articles were identified which are published in 57 journals. The articles produced at a 4 year interval. It clearly indicates that about 90% (461 articles) of diabetes literature as published during 1986-2009. The finding indicates that the literature of diabetes in Nigeria is in harmony with the Bradford-Zipf distribution(Harande).

            G Krishnamoorty, et al (2009) evaluated diabetes literature indexed on MEDLINE database for the period 1995-2004 shows that maximum number of records (13244) was during 2003. The data was analysed in terms of growth rate and core journals in the field of diabetes. Relative growth rate and doubling time of diabetes literature have also been calculated. Bradford’s law of scattering was used for identify the core journal in the field of diabetes.         

3. Aim and Objectives

1)      To examine the worldwide research production in Diabetes research.

2)      To identify the source wise distribution of publication in Diabetes research.

3)      To identify journal wise distribution of publications on Diabetes research output.

4)      To examine year wise growth and development of Diabetes research literature.

5)      To find out the most published author.

4. Methodology

This study is based on the Diabetes research literature retrieved from Web of Science database for the year 2019.The search strategy on diabetes literature was carried on using the following keywords, ”India”, “2019” and the tittle “Diabetes”. The present study tries to find out the authorship pattern distribution of articles of the journal. Data presented through table and graph.  The study on Diabetes research comprises all published materials such as article, reviews, books, conference proceeding, database, website, reports and respectively. Authorship pattern, Year wise distribution, types of information sources, author productivity etc are collected from the articles published from this research journal during the year 2019.

5. Hypothesis

The following hypothesis have been formulated with a view to test the above objective

1) The growth literature on Diabetes research during the period of study is in increasing order.

2) The journal source of publication of Diabetes research output absorbs the predominant place in comparison with other source of publication.

3) There is a significant level of variation in the growth and concentration of research output on Diabetes among the countries.

4) Among the countries, USA dominates in contributing more research output on Diabetes.

5) There has been an increasing trend in collaborative research in Diabetes research literature during the research period.

6. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

6.1 Year wise distribution of Diabetes literature

 The results of analysis for the period between 1940 to 2019 presented in table 1, indicates that the number of publication in 1940 was 1 and that rise to 346 in 2017.The highest output was observed in 2017, i.e. 9.468% of total output over the period of study.

Table: 1 Year wise distribution of diabetes literature

6.2 Country wise distribution of Diabetes literature

 Table: 2 Country wise distribution of Diabetes literature

The country wise distribution has identified and top 50 countries contribution were shown in table - 2. Among the countries USA ranks first in order with 1524 articles, UK is in second place with 754 articles , Netherland with 351 articles and India is in fourth place with the contribution of 253 articles and respectively.

6.3 Form of Publication

About 93.21% (3407) of all the publication  were found as Journal articles followed by 3.529% (129) Website, 2.681% (98) books and rest of 0.571%  publication belongs to other forms like conference proceedings, database, dictionary , news, reports, reviews and thesis .

Table: 3 Form of Publication

6.4 List of top 15 Core journals

 Table: 4 Top 15 Journals in Diabetes research 

Table: 4 the results indicates that the top 15 journals are core journals where the articles are published frequently in this journals. Diabetes Care and Diabetologia are the top two leading journals that publish the maximum articles where Diabetes Care has 353 publications and Diabetologia has 111 publications.

6.5 Productive of top 15 authors in Diabetes Research

 Table 5: Productive of top 15 authors in Diabetes Research

Table 5 represents the author wise distribution in the field of diabetes. The first place occupied by V Mohan from Madras Diabetes Research Foundation he had published 75 (2.180%) records, A Misra from Diabetes Foundation is in second place with 67 (1.947%) records, S Kalra from All India Institute of Medical Science is in third place with 39 (1.133%) records, A Ramchandran from Madras Diabetes Research Foundation with 36 (1.046%) records and respectively.

6.6 Authorship pattern distribution in Diabetes literature

The results indicates that the author wise distribution in diabetes literature for One author is 211, for two author is 387 ,for three author is 346 and for more than three author is 2362.

Table: 6 Authorship patterndistribution in diabetes literature

 Finding

The Scientometric analysis of literature based on Web of Science in the field of diabetes lead to the following findings:

1)      A huge amount of literature in the field of diabetes has been produced by USA, UK, Netherland and India.

2)      Out of various forms of publication, journal articles are at the top position as compared to other forms.

3)      A total of 15 journals are identified as Core journal.

4)      The first journal i.e. Diabetes care is published from USA and second journal from Germany with higher number of publication.

7. Conclusion

In Conclusion, the trend of diabetes research publication is rising. The highest number of scientific outputs belongs to USA, UK, Netherland, India followed by other countries which considerably had a lower rate of publication. The publication growth rate gradually increased after 2011. The highest papers are published in 2017 and 2018. Diabetes research had been going on over the entire world; even India is more dominated country in this research field. This result will encourage the health care providers and policy makers for better management and prevention of diabetes. 

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