mPPkrj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) dk izHkko

Jherh T;ksRluk x<+ik;ys ¼”kks|kFkhZ½

dY;k.k LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky;] fHkykbZ] ¼NRrhlx<+½

MkW- ¼lqJh½ in~ek vxzoky ¼funsZ”kd½

izkpk;Z & eulk f”k{kk egkfo|ky;] dq#n] fHkykbZ ¼NRrhlx<+½

MkW- ¼Jherh½ “kksHkk iqjdj ¼lg funZs”kd½

foHkkxk/;{k] f”k{kk ladk;] dY;k.k LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky;] fHkykbZ] ¼NRrhlx<+½

lkjka”k & izLrqr “kks/k i«k esa mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) ds izHkko dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA v/;;u gsrq U;kn”kZ ds #i esa NRrhlx<+ ds csesrjk ftys ds xzkeh.k ifjos”k ls 465 fo|kfFkZ;ksa ¼266 Nk«kksa + 199 Nk«kkvksa½ dk p;u fd;k x;kA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk dks ekius gsrq M‚- chuk 'kkg ¼1986½ }kjk fufeZr miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ekiuh] vkRe lEizR;; ds ekiu gsrq M‚- ,l- ih- vgyqokfy;k ,oaa M‚- gfj”kadj flax ¼fjo‚blM 2012½ rFkk laosxkRed cqf) ds ekiu gsrq eaxy ,oa eaxy ¼2012½ }kjk fufeZr laosxkRed cqf) ekiuh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA lkaf[;dh; fo”ys"k.k gsrq 2x2x2 izlj.k fo”yss"k.k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA ifj.kke n”kkZrs gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax] vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) dk Lora«k ,oa lkFkZd izHkko ik;k x;k ijarq var%fØ;kRed izHkko lkFkZd ugha ik;k x;kA A

izLrkouk

     fo|kFkhZ dh ;ksX;rk] dkS'ky] vkRe lEizR;;] bPNk] iz;kl rFkk mldh laosxkRed cqf) ,sls egRoiw.kZ dkjd gS] tks miyfC/k dks izHkkfor djrs gSA f'k{kk pkgs vkSipkfjd gks ;k vukSipkfjd] ckyd dh ekufld {kerkvksa dk ifjektZu djrh gS] u;s & u;s vuqHko iznku djrh gS ftlls izR;; fuekZ.k izHkkfor gksrk gSA ckyd dh cqf) Lrj lEizR;;ksa ds fuekZ.k esa lgk;d gksrh gSA ckyd eas ftruh vf/kd ckSf)d ;ksX;rk gksxh] og mrus gh vf/kd vuqHko izkIr djds mls /kkj.k djsxk rFkk mruk gh vf/kd muds vk/kkj ij miyfC/k izkIr djus gsrq izsfjr gksxkA blfy;s fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkREkd cqf) ds vk/kkj ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds O;fDrRo ds fodkl fo'ks"kr;k 'kSf{kd {ks= easa djus ds fy;s izR;sd fo|kFkhZ esa miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds Lrj dk ekiu djuk vko';d gks tkrk gSA ftlls dh ckyd fd'kksjkoLFkk esa Hk;adj rwQku esa Hkh vius thou dks izxfr ds iFk ij lQyrkiwoZd vxzlj dj ldsA vr% fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk] vkRe lEizR;; ,oa laosxkRed cqf) Lrj dks Kkr djuk rFkk mPPkrj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ij muds vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) dk D;k izHkko iM+rk gS] ;g Kkr djus dh vko';drk gSA

     xtohuh ¼2011½ us crk;k fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds “kSf{kd vkRe lEizR;; ,oa fo|ky;hu miyfC/k;ksa ds e/; lkFkZd laca/k ik;k x;kA ,esuqoy] ,ne ,oa tkslQhu ¼2014½] [kku ,oa vkye ¼2015½ us fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRe lEizR;; ,oa miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds e/; rFkk vkRe lEizR;; o 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; lkFkZd lglac/k ik;kA Ykkj;k] lkuh ,oa Mkmlu czso ¼2014½ ds ifj.kke n”kkZrs gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh “kSf{kd miyfC/k ij muds vkRe lEizR;; dk lkFkZd izHkko iM+rk gSA iku ,oa xqgk ¼2015½ ds 'kks/k v/;;u ls fu"d"kZ fudyk fd fyax ds vk/kkj ij vkRe lEizR;; ,oa miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk esa lkFkZd varj ik;k x;k rFkk vkRe lEizR;; o miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds e/; lkFkZd lglaca/k Hkh ns[kk x;kA ekg;wn~nhu] gchcg ,oa ukSjhu ¼2009½] nqcs ¼2012½] ujsu ,oa y{eh ¼2012½ ds v/;;u ds ifj.kke crkrs gS fd fd”kksjks ds laosxkRed cqf) ,oa “kSf{kd vfHkizsj.kk ds e/; ldkjkRed laca/k ik;k x;kA dqekj] esgrk ,oa egs'ojh ¼2013½ ds 'kks/k fu"d"kZ ls Li"V gksrk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds laosxkRed cqf) dk miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ,oa 'kSf{kd lek;kstu ij lkFkZd izHkko iM+rk gSA ;kgk;k ,oa lgdehZ ¼2012½] Hknkssfj;k ¼2013½] jkW; ,oa lqeu ¼2013½ ]Ekksgtu] glu ,oa gyhy ¼2013½] pkeq.Ms'ojh ¼2013½] ftukcknh ,oa lgdehZ ¼2015½ ds ifj.kke n”kkZrs gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh laosxkRed cqf) ,oa 'kSf{kd miyfC/k ds e/; /kukRed lkFkZd lglaca/k ik;k x;kA

mn~ns”; %

 mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax] vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) dk Lora«k ,oa var%fØ;kRed izHkko Kkr djukA

ifjdYiuk %

H1   mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax] vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) dk Lora«k ,oa var%fØ;kRed izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA              

U;kn”kZ %

     çLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ij muds vkRe lEçR;; ,oa laosxkRed cqf) dk çHkko tkuus ds fy;s v/;;u gsrq U;kn'kZ ds :i esa csesrjk ftys ds xzkeh.k ifjos'k ds dqy 80 'kkldh; mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa esa ls U;kn'kZ dk p;u vuqikfrd Lrjh—r ;k–fPNd U;kn'kZ fof/k ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;kA blds fy;s csesrjk ftys ds çR;sd fodkl[kaM ¼csesrjk] uokx<]+ csjyk] lktk½ ls 20% fo|ky;ksa dks ;k–fPNd U;kn'kZ ds vk/kkj ij p;fur fd;k x;k rFkk çR;sd p;fur fo|ky;ksa esa d{kk 11oha esa v/;;ujr ¼Nk= ,oa Nk=k,¡½ fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls 25% Nk= fo|kFkhZ ,oa 25% Nk=k fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks U;kn'kZ gsrq p;fur fd;k x;kA bl çdkj dqy 465 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u U;kn'kZ gsrq fd;k x;k gSA

midj.k %

      çLrqr v/;;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk] vkRe lEizR;; rFkk laosxkRed cqf) ds ekiu gsrq fuEufyf[kr midj.kksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ekiuh

     çLrqr v/;;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk dks ekius gsrq M‚- chuk 'kkg ¼1986½ }kjk fufeZr miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ekiuh dk ç;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl ekiuh ds 4 vk;ke gSa%&

1. 'kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko';drkA
2. O;kolkf;d lQyrk dh vko';drkA
3. lkekftd miyfC/k dh vko';drkA
4. dkS'ky miyfC/k dh vko';drkA

miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ekiuh esa dqy 40 in gSaA bl ekiuh dh fo'oluh;rk 0-88 rFkk oS/krk 0-68 gSA

vkRe lEizR;; ekiuh

  çLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRe lEizR;; ds ekiu gsrq M‚- ,l- ih- vgyqokfy;k ,oaa M‚- gfj”kadj flax ¼fjo‚blM 2012½ }kjk fufeZr fpYMªal lsYQ dkWUlsIV Ldsy dk mi;ksx midj.k ds fy;s fd;k x;kA vkRe lEizR;; ekiuh esa dqy 80 in gS ftlesa çR;sd ç'u dk mÙkj gk¡¡ ;k ugha esa nsuk gSaA ;g ,d ekSf[kd dkxt dye ijh{k.k gSa ftlds 6 miin gSA ;s miin fuEukuqlkj gS%&

1. O;ogkj  
2. cqf)erk rFkk fo|ky;hu Lrj
3. 'kkjhfjd xBu ,oa xq.k
4. nqf'park
5. [;kfr
6. ç'kalk ,oa larqf"V

bl ekiuh dh fo'oluh;rk rFkk oS/krk mPp dksfV dh gSA

laosxkRed  cqf) 

      çLrqr 'kks/k v/;;u esa laosxkRed cqf) ds ekiu gsrq eaxy ,oa eaxy ¼2012½ }kjk fufeZr ,oa ekudh—r laosxkRed cqf) ekiuh dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl ekiuh ds pkj vk;ke gS rFkk izR;sd vk;ke esa 25 in gS] ;s vk;ke fuEukuqlkj gS%&

1. var%oS;fDrd tkx#drk
2. varj oS;fDrd tkx#drk
3. var%oS;fDrd çca/ku
4. varj oS;fDrd çca/ku

     laosxkRed cqf) ekiuh dk fo”oluh;rk xq.kkad 0-89 gSA

lkaf[;dh; fo”ys"k.k %

     ifjdYiukvksa dh tk¡p gsrq (2x2x2) izlj.k fo”ys"k.k dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA rFkk izHkko dk vaakWaaadyu ,Q vuqikr ds :i esa fd;k x;kA

ifj.kke ,oa foospuk %

  H1 :  mPprj ek/;fed fo|ky;ksa ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax] vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) dk Lora«k ,oa var%fØ;kRed izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA

                             rkfydk dzekad&1  

miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk** ij fyax] vkRelEizR;; ,oa laosxkRed cqf)  ds Lora«k ,oa la;qDr izHkkoksa ds lanHkZ esa izlj.k fo”ys"k.k dk lkjka”k

**p>0.01, *p>0.05

Ikfj.kke

 fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/ssssssssk vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax dk  Loraa= ,oa lkFkZd çHkko ik;k x;kA

Nk= ,oa Nk=kvksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ esa lkFkZd varj ik;k x;k gSA Nk=ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ Nk=kvksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ dh rqyuk esa vf/kd ik;h x;hA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij vkRe lEçR;; dk Loraa= ,oa lkFkZd çHkko ik;k x;kA

mPp vkRe lEçR;; okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ fuEu vkRe lEçR;; okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ls lkFkZd :i ls mPp ik;h x;hA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij laosxkRed cqf) dk Loraa= ,oa lkFkZd çHkko ik;k x;kA

mPp laosxkRed cqf) okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ fuEu laosxkRed cqf) okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ls lkFkZd :i ls mPp ik;h x;hA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax x vkRe lEçR;; dk lkFkZd var%fØ;kRed çHkko ugha ik;k x;kA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax x laosxkRed cqf) dk lkFkZd var%fØ;kRed çHkko ugha ik;k x;kA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij vkRe lEizR;; x laosxkRed cqf) dk lkFkZd var%fØ;kRed çHkko ugha ik;k x;kA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ ij fyax x vkRe lEçR;; x laosxkRed cqf) dk f=dkjdh; lkFkZd var%fØ;kRed çHkko ugha ik;k x;kA

 foospuk %

ifj.kkeksa ds voyksdu ls Kkr gksrk gS fd miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke “kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk ij fyax dk lkFkZd çHkko iM+rk gSA Nk=kvksa dh rqyuk es Nk=ksa esa “kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk laca/kh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk vf/kd ik;h x;h gSA ¼ fgjsuoky] 1980½ ds ifj.kke Hkh bldk leFkZu djrs gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd] xzkeh.k ifjos”k esa ckfydkvksa dh f”k{kk ds izfr lekt es udkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA ;g n`f"Vdks.k ckfydkvksa ds euksan”kk esa “kSf{kd lQyrk ds izfr udkjkRed n`f"Vdks.k mRiUu djrk gSA Hkkjrh; lekt pkgs oks xzkeh.k gks ;k “kgjh] lekt esa iq«kksa dks vf/kd egRo fn;k tkrk gS os ckyd o ckfydkvksa esa varj djrs gS rFkk nksuksa dks méfr ds leku volj iznku ugha djrs gSA lekt esa ckfydkvksa dks x`gLFkh ds dk;ksZ es n{k cukus ds fy, fo”ks"k /;ku fn;k tkrk gSA tcfd ckydkas dks ;g le>k;k tkrk gS fd] “kSf{kd lQyrk izkIr djus ij gh og Hkfo"; esa vius thou dks lqpk# #i ls pyk ldrk gSA ifj.kkeLo#i cfydkvksa esa ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ laca/kh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ckydksa dh rqyuk esa de gksrh gSA 

ftu fo|kfFkZ;ksa es mPp Lrj dk vkRe lEizR;; gksrk gS muesa fuEu Lrj ds vkRe lEizR;; okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh rqyuk es miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ mRd`’V Js.kh dh ik;h x;h gSA fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke “kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk ij vkRe lEizR;; dk lkFkZd izHkko iM+rk gSA mijksDr ifj.kke ds leku gh iwoZ es fd;s x;s fofHkUu “kks/k v/;;uksa ds }kjk leFkZu ¼ vjsikV~VkekUuky 2011( xt+ohuh] 2011( ykj;k] lkuh ,oa Mkmlu&czsOk] 2014½ if”peh ifjis{; esa miyC/k gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd] ftu fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp vkRe lEizR;; gksrk gS mUgsa vius “kSf{kd {kerk ,oa “kSf{kd dkS”ky ij Hkjkslk gksrk gSA ,sls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa Lo;a gh ;g iwokZuqeku yxkus dk laKkukRed xq.k gksrk gS fd veq[k fo’k; esa vFkok veq[k d{kk esa fdrus vad vk;asxsA ,sls fo|kFkhZ ftues vkRe lEizR;; mPp gksrk gS] os viuh {kerk dh igpku djrs gq, vius vanj “kSf{kd dkS”ky dk fodkl djrs gq, “kSf{kd lQyrk ds izfr mPp vkadka{kk dk Lrj j[krs gSA ,sls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dbZ fØ;kvksa ds fy;s fo|ky; dh rjQ ls Hkh leqfpr lk/ku miyC/k djk;s tkrs gS ftlls fd os vf/kd fØ;k”khy dk;Z djrs gS rFkk lQyrk izkIr djus gsrq izsfjr jgrs gSA blls muesa ldkjkRed vkRe lEizR;; dk fodkl gksrk gSA ifj.kker% ,sls fo|kfFkZ;ksa es mPp “kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk laca/kh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk vf/kd ik;h tkrh gSA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk ds vk;ke ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ dks  laosxkRed cqf) lkFkZd :i ls izHkkfor djrh gSA mPPk laosxkRed cqf) okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh ^^”kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk^^ fuEu laosxkRed cqf) okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh vis{kk mPp dksfV dh gksrh gSA ¼ujsu ,oa y{eh] 2012( nqcs] 2012( ;kg;k ,oa lgdehZ] 2012] Hknksfj;k] 2013( eksgtu] glu ,oa gyhy] 2012( ekg;wn~nhu] gchcg ,oa ukSjhu] 2009( jkW; ,oa lqeu] 2013] pkeq.Ms”ojh] 2013( ftukcknh ,oa lgdehZ] 2015 ½ if”peh ,oa Hkkjrh; ifjis{; esa mijksDr ifj.kke dh iqf’V djrs gSSA bl rF; dk ewy dkj.k ;g gS fd] ftu fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp laosxkRed cqf) gksrh gS mUgs vius laosxks] euksHkkoksa vkSj fØ;kvksa dks le>us] igpkus ,oa mu ij fu;a=.k j[kus esa vklkuh gksrh gSA lkFk gh lkFk bUgsa nwljks ds laosxks] euksHkkoksa vkSj fØ;kvksa dks le>us ,oa igpku djus esa Hkh vklkuh gksrh gSA fo|kFkhZ viuh bl {kerk ds dkj.k ;g le> ikrs gS fd ifjokj ds vU; lnL;] f”k{kd ,oa lekt ds vU; lnL; izfrLiZ/kk ds ;qx esa muls vf/kd ls vf/kd “kSf{kd lQyrk dh mEehn djrs gSA ifj.kkeLo#i fo|kFkhZ “kSf{kd lQyrk ds izfr mPp vkdka{kk Lrj j[krs gSA blfy;s ,sls fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa mPp “kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk laca/kh miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk vf/kd ik;h tkrh gSA

fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke “kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk ij fofHk™k var% fØ;kvksa ds ifj.kke ds laca/k esa ¼fyax X vkRe lEçR;;] fyax X  laosxkRed cqf)] vkRe lEçR;; X laosxkRed cqf)½ ,oa lfEefyr var%fØ;k ¼fyax X vkRe lEçR;; X laosxkRed cqf)½ dk lkFkZd çHkko ugha ik;k x;kA vFkkZr miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ds vk;ke “kSf{kd lQyrk dh vko”;drk dks mijksDr var%fØ;k;sa çHkkfor ugha djrh gS D;ksafd ;s lHkh pj vius vki esaa Lora= çd`fr ds gksus ds dkj.k budh var%fØ;kvkas dk çHkko fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk ij ugha iMrk gSA

milagkj %

v/;;u ds fo'ys"k.k ls Kkr gksrk gS fd fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vkRe lEizR;; o laosxkRed cqf) ds fodkl ls mldh “kSf{kd vfHkizsj.kk esa Hkh o`f) dh tk ldrh gSA ftldh f'k{kk ds {ks= esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA bldk izHkko fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij iM+rk gS rFkk f'k{kd Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lgh ekxZ ij vxzlj djus ds fy;s mUgsa mfpr fn'kk funsZ'k ij izsfjr djus esa l{ke gksaxsA 'kks/k ls izkIr ifj.kke fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds miyfC/k vfHkizsj.kk] vkRe lEizR;; ,oa laosxkRed cqf) dh o`f) ,oa fodkl esa mi;ksx esa yk;s tk ldsaxs tks fo|kfFkZ;ksa dh mUufr esa lgk;d gksaxsA

 lq>ko

·       ljdkj dks 'kkldh; fo|ky;ksa dks vf/kd mUur djus ds fy, lHkh çdkj dh lqfo/kk,¡ çnku djuh pkfg;s ftlls fd ckyd esa fo|ky; ds çfr #fp tkx`r gks ldsA

·       fo|ky;ksa esa orZeku rduhdh dk mi;ksx djuk pkfg;s ftlls fo|kFkhZ f'k{k.k vf/kxe çfØ;k gsrq vfHkçsfjr gks ldsA

·       fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, mfpr ekxZn'kZu o ijke'kZ d{kkvksa dks vkjaHk djuk pkfg;sA ftlls fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks muds y{; dh çkfIr ds fy, lgh lykg o ekxZn'kZu fn;k tk ldsA

·       ljdkj dks fiNM+h tutkfr;ksa okyh fuEu lekftd vkfFkZd fLFkfr okys fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, fo'ks"k 'kSf{kd lqfo/kk,a çnku dh tkuh pkfg;s rkfd os viuh f'k{kk dks fu;fer j[kus gsrq fØ;k'khy jgsA

·       fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, O;fDrRo fodkl dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu djuk pkfg;sA

·       uhfr fu/kkZjdksa }kjk O;kolkf;d f'k{kk çnku djuh pkfg;sA 

·       le; le; ij fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks iqjLdkj o çksRlkgu Hkh nsuk pkfg;s rkfd muds miyfC/k vfHkçsj.kk esa o`f) gksA

lanHkZ xzaFkks dh lwph  

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15. dqyJs"B] ,l-ih- ¼2008½- f'k{kk euksfoKku] vkj-yky cqd fMiks] esjB] laLdj.k ¼2008½] 186&196-
16. pkSgku] vkj- ,oa ikBd] ih-Mh- ¼2015½- vf/kxedrkZ ,oa vf/kxe izfØ;k] vxzoky    ifCyds'kUl vkxjk&2] izFke laLdj.k ¼2015&16½] 98&102-
17. ipkSjh] th- ¼2003½- mnh;eku Hkkjrh; lekt esa f'k{kd] baVjus'kuy ifCyf'kax gkml] esjB] 2003] 4&30-
18. feJ] th- ,oa tSu] ;w- ¼1994½- lekt euksfoKku ds ewy vk/kkj] e-iz- fgUnh xzaFk vdkneh f}rh; laLdj.k] la'kksf/kr ifjof/kZr 1994] 196&197] 236&243-
19. ;ksxsUnzthr] ch- ¼2013½- f'k{kk euksfoKku] vxzoky ifCyds'ku lat; Iysl] vkxjk&2] laLdj.k 2013&14] 414&416-